Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Unclear, but reflects an earlier ablative form. Proposals include:[1][2]

The accusative is from the suffix used adverbially.

Pronunciation

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  • (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈjuːk.staː], [ˈjʊk.staː]
  • (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈjuk.st̪a]
  • Note: the length of the /u/ is uncertain due to lack of graphic attestations, unclear etymology and common conflation with iūstus (just; exact) already in Latin as well as its Romance descendants. Most other dictionaries list it as short.

Adverb

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iū̆xtā (not comparable)

  1. nearly, nigh
    Synonyms: paene, fermē, ferē, prope
  2. near, close to
  3. just as

Preposition

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iū̆xtā (+ accusative)

  1. near, close to, next to
    • c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 1.44:
      Praefixa contīs capita gestābantur inter signa cohortium iū̆xtā aquilam legiōnis...
      Heads attached to the points of pikes were being carried about next to the [heralidic] eagle of the legion...
  2. adjoining
  3. like
  4. (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) according to

Descendants

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  • Insular Romance:
    • Sardinian:
      Campidanese: giusta
      Logudorese: justa
      Nuorese: justa
  • Italo-Romance:
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Old French: joste (close to, along)
      • French: jouxte (close) (semi-latinized, archaic)
    • Old Occitan: josta
  • Derivates:
    • Vulgar Latin: *iuxtāre (see there for further descendants)
    • Medieval Latin: iūxtāpōnō (see there for further descendants)

References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. ^ Weiss, Michael L. (2009) Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin[1], Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, § B 1 b, page 357

Further reading

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  • juxtā”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • iuxta”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • "iuxta", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • juxtā in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • iuxta in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
  • "iūxtā" in Karl Ernst Georges, Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch
  • Allen and Greenough's New Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges Founded on Comparative Grammar, Ginn & Company, 1903, page 130.
  • Dirk Panhuis, Roland Hoffmann (translator), Lateinische Grammatik, Walter de Gruyter, 2015, pages 84 and 86.
  • "iūxtā" in PONS, Deutsch-Latein-Wörterbuch (German-Latin dictionary)