jšš

Egyptian edit

Pronunciation edit

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iʃɛʃ/
- Conventional anglicization: ishesh

Verb edit

2ae gem.

(transitive) to carry (here), to bring out [Book of the Dead and Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection edit

Conjugation of jšš (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: jš, geminated stem: jšš

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jšš⁸	jšš	jššt	jšš, jš	jšš, jš

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jšš, jš	ḥr jšš	m jšš	r jšš

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jšš.n, jš.n	jš	consecutive	jš.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	jšš.n, jš.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	jššt
perfective³	jš	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jšš.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	jšš	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jšš.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jšš	jšš	potentialis¹	jš.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jšš	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	jš	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jš.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	jš	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jš	jš, jšw⁵, jšy⁵
imperfective	jšš, jššy, jššw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jšš, jššj⁶, jššy⁶	jšš, jššw⁵
prospective	jš, jštj⁷	—	jšštj⁴, jššt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. jš before suffix pronouns.

Alternative forms edit

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jšš

jšš

[Greco-Roman Period]

Verb edit

2ae gem.

(transitive) to spit or sneeze out

Usage notes edit

Used chiefly in the context of old religious texts, and particularly in the Heliopolitan cosmogony to describe the creation of the god Shu from Atum’s spit.

Possibly both verbs jšš are mere graphical variants of each other, with a basic meaning of ‘to transport out’.

Inflection edit

Conjugation of jšš (second geminate / 2ae gem. / II. gem.) — base stem: jš, geminated stem: jšš

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jšš⁸	jšš	jššt	jšš, jš	jšš, jš

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jšš, jš	ḥr jšš	m jšš	r jšš

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jšš.n, jš.n	jš	consecutive	jš.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	jšš.n, jš.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	jššt
perfective³	jš	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jšš.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	jšš	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	jšš.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jšš	jšš	potentialis¹	jš.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	jšš	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	jš	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jš.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	jš	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jš	jš, jšw⁵, jšy⁵
imperfective	jšš, jššy, jššw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jšš, jššj⁶, jššy⁶	jšš, jššw⁵
prospective	jš, jštj⁷	—	jšštj⁴, jššt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. jš before suffix pronouns.

Alternative forms edit

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jšš

jšš

[New Kingdom]

Noun edit

m

spittle
anything spat out

Inflection edit

Declension of jšš (masculine)

singular	jšš
dual	jššwj
plural	jššw

Alternative forms edit

See under the verb above.

Noun edit

m

image [Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection edit

Declension of jšš (masculine)

singular	jšš
dual	jššwj
plural	jššw

References edit

Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 135.14–135.16, 136.1–136.2
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 148.