jihad

English

Alternative forms

• jehad

Etymology

From Arabic جِهَاد‎ (jihād, “struggle; effort”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: jĭ-häd', IPA^(key): /dʒɪˈhɑːd/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• enPR: jə-häd', IPA^(key): /dʒəˈhɑːd/

Noun

jihad (countable and uncountable, plural jihads)

Wikiquote

1. (Islam) A holy war undertaken by Muslims.
   • 1938 August 22, "Holy War", Time:

     Young Iraqis of both sects obeyed the imams' ruling last week by rushing to conscription offices in hot, dirty, dusty Bagdad to offer themselves or their money for the jihad.

   • 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York Review Books 2006, page 26:

     Small groups of killers, the scent of blood in their nostrils, now fanned out by taxi, bicycle or even on horseback into the surrounding countryside, spreading the word that a general jihad, or ‘holy war’, had broken out.

   • 2013 May 8, Mona Mahmood & Ian Black, The Guardian:

     The Jabhat al-Nusra media, with songs about jihad and martyrdom, is extremely influential.

2. An aggressive campaign for an idea.
3. (Islam, theology) A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil.

Derived terms

• jihadi
• jihadic
• jihadically
• jihadisation
• jihadise
• jihadism
• jihadist
• jihadistic
• jihadistically
• jihadization
• jihadization
• jihadize
• jihobbyist

 

Related terms

• mujahid

Translations

holy war undertaken by Muslims

• Albanian: xhihat m
• Arabic: جِهَاد‎ (ar) m (jihād)
• Armenian: ջիհադ (hy) (ǰihad)
• Azerbaijani: cihad
• Basque: jihad
• Belarusian: джыха́д m (džyxád)
• Bengali: জিহাদ (jihad)
• Bulgarian: джиха́д m (džihád)
• Catalan: jihad m
• Chechen: гӏазот (ġazot)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 聖戰 (zh), 圣战 (zh) (shèngzhàn)

• Czech: džihád (cs) m
• Danish: jihad c
• Dutch: jihad (nl) m
• Esperanto: ĝihado
• Estonian: džihaad
• Finnish: jihad (fi), pyhä sota (fi)
• French: jihad (fr), djihad (fr) m
• Georgian: ჯიჰადი (ǯihadi)
• German: Dschihad (de) m, Djihad (de) m, (rare) Jihad (de) m
• Greek: τζιχάντ (el) (tzichánt)
• Hausa: jihadi
• Hebrew: ג׳יהאד‎ m (jihad)
• Hindi: जिहाद m (jihād)
• Hungarian: dzsihád (hu)
• Indonesian: jihad (id)
• Interlingua: jihad
• Irish: jiohád m
• Italian: jihad (it) f
• Japanese: ジハード (ja) (jihādo)
• Kazakh: жиһад (jïhad)
• Korean: 지하드 (jihadeu)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: cîhad (ku) f

• Kyrgyz: жикат (jikat)
• Latvian: džihāds m
• Lithuanian: džihadas m
• Macedonian: џиха́д m (džihád)
• Malay: jihad
• Marathi: जिहाद m (jihād)
• Norwegian: jihad m
• Pashto: جهاد‎ (ps) m (ǰihād)
• Persian: جهاد‎ (fa) (jehâd)
• Polish: dżihad (pl) m
• Portuguese: jihad (pt) m
• Punjabi: ਜਿਹਾਦ (jihād)
• Romanian: jihad n
• Russian: джиха́д (ru) m (džixád)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ђихад m, џихад m

  Roman: đihad m, džihad (sh) m

• Sinhalese: ජිහාඩ් (jihāḍ)
• Slovak: džihád m
• Slovene: džihad m
• Spanish: yihad (es) m
• Swahili: jihadi
• Swedish: jihad (sv) c
• Tagalog: jihad
• Tajik: ҷиҳод (jihod)
• Tatar: җиһад (cihad)
• Thai: จีฮัด (jii-hát)
• Turkish: cihat (tr)
• Turkmen: jihad
• Ukrainian: джиха́д m (džyxád)
• Urdu: جہاد‎ (ur) m (jihād)
• Uyghur: جىھاد‎ (ug) (jihad)
• Uzbek: jihod (uz)

aggressive campaign

• Finnish: ristiretki (fi), pyhä sota (fi)

• Turkish: mücadele (tr), savaşım (tr)

personal spiritual struggle

• Finnish: kilvoittelu (fi)
• Polish: dżihad (pl) m

• Turkish: mücadele (tr), savaşım (tr)

Verb

jihad (third-person singular simple present jihads, present participle jihading, simple past and past participle jihaded)

1. To participate in a jihad.

See also

• crusade
• holy war
• infidel

Anagrams

• Djahi, hadji

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

jihad m (plural jihads, diminutive jihadje n)

1. Alternative form of djihaad

Derived terms

• jihadstrijder

Related terms

• jihadi
• jihadist

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Finnish

Noun

jihad

1. jihad (Muslims' holy war)

Declension

Inflection of jihad (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		jihad	jihadit
genitive		jihadin	jihadien
partitive		jihadia	jihadeja
illative		jihadiin	jihadeihin
		singular	plural
nominative		jihad	jihadit
accusative	nom.	jihad	jihadit
	gen.	jihadin
genitive		jihadin	jihadien
partitive		jihadia	jihadeja
inessive		jihadissa	jihadeissa
elative		jihadista	jihadeista
illative		jihadiin	jihadeihin
adessive		jihadilla	jihadeilla
ablative		jihadilta	jihadeilta
allative		jihadille	jihadeille
essive		jihadina	jihadeina
translative		jihadiksi	jihadeiksi
instructive		—	jihadein
abessive		jihaditta	jihadeitta
comitative		—	jihadeineen

Possessive forms of jihad (type risti)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	jihadini	jihadimme
2nd person	jihadisi	jihadinne
3rd person	jihadinsa

Derived terms

• jihadismi
• jihadisti

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dʒi.ad/

Noun

jihad m (plural jihads)

1. Alternative form of djihad

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Italian

Noun

jihad m or f (invariable)

1. jihad

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Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic جِهَاد‎ (jihād, “struggle; effort”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʒi.ˈʁad͡ʒ/, /ʒi.ˈʁad/

Noun

jihad m (plural jihads)

1. (Islam) jihad (holy war undertaken by Muslims)

Derived terms

• jihadista