jmꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /imɑ/
  • Conventional anglicization: ima

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) kindly, friendly, or gracious (+ n: toward)
   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.11–1.12:

     ḫr (tw)r n(j) ḥr r dfꜣ jb jmꜣ n.f kꜣhs r mwt.f

     One who is averted of face against feeding the heart (i.e. one who doesn’t indulge himself), the harsh man has to be more kindly to him than his (own) mother.

Inflection

Conjugation of jmꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jmꜣ, geminated stem: jmꜣꜣ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jmꜣ	jmꜣw, jmꜣ	jmꜣt	jmꜣ	jmꜣ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jmꜣ	ḥr jmꜣ	m jmꜣ	r jmꜣ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	jmꜣ.n	consecutive	jmꜣ.jn
terminative	jmꜣt
perfective3	jmꜣ	obligative1	jmꜣ.ḫr
imperfective	jmꜣ
prospective3	jmꜣ	potentialis1	jmꜣ.kꜣ
subjunctive	jmꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	jmꜣ.n	—	—
perfective	jmꜣ	jmꜣ	jmꜣ, jmꜣw5, jmꜣy5
imperfective	jmꜣ, jmꜣy, jmꜣw5	jmꜣ, jmꜣj6, jmꜣy6	jmꜣ, jmꜣw5
prospective	jmꜣ, jmꜣtj7	jmꜣtj4, jmꜣt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jmꜣ  

jꜣm	jꜣm
[Old Kingdom]

Derived terms

• jmꜣt
• sjmꜣ

Adjective

1. perfective active participle of jmꜣ: kindly, friendly, gracious

Inflection

Declension of jmꜣ (perfective active participle)

	masculine	feminine
singular	jmꜣ	jmꜣt
dual	jmꜣwj	jmꜣtj
plural	jmꜣw	jmꜣwt1, jmꜣt2
Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural. In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Romanization

jmꜣ

1. Alternative transliteration of jꜣmw (“tent”).

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 79.10–79.23
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 9, 20