jꜣm

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iɑm/
  • Conventional anglicization: iam

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to bind (cattle) for sacrifice [Middle Kingdom]

Inflection

Conjugation of jꜣm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jꜣm, geminated stem: jꜣmm

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jꜣm	jꜣmw, jꜣm	jꜣmt	jꜣm	jꜣm

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jꜣm	ḥr jꜣm	m jꜣm	r jꜣm

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jꜣm.n	jꜣmw, jꜣm	consecutive	jꜣm.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	jꜣmt
perfective3	jꜣm	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	jꜣm.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	jꜣm	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	jꜣm	jꜣmm	potentialis1	jꜣm.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	jꜣm	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jꜣm.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	jꜣm	active + .tj1, .tw2	jꜣm	jꜣm, jꜣmw5, jꜣmy5
imperfective	jꜣm, jꜣmy, jꜣmw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	jꜣm, jꜣmj6, jꜣmy6	jꜣm, jꜣmw5
prospective	jꜣm, jꜣmtj7	—	jꜣmtj4, jꜣmt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣm  

jꜣm	ꜣm

Verb

 3-lit.

1. Alternative form of jmꜣ (“to be(come) kindly, friendly, or gracious”)

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jꜣm  

jꜣm

Verb

 2-lit.

1. Alternative form of ꜣm (“to burn”)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 31, 31.16
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 9