lawm
White Hmong edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Chinese 了 (le, “perfective marker”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
Particle edit
lawm
- perfective marker, sign of completed action or past tense
- mus teb lawm ― went to the fields
- Peb mus lawm. ― We are going (i.e. the start of our departure has been accomplished).
References edit
- Heimbach, Ernest E. (1979) White Hmong — English Dictionary[1], SEAP Publications, →ISBN, page 108.
- ^ Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN, page 227.