mḏrj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈmicʼɾit/ → /ˈmitʼɾiʔ/ → /ˈmetʼɾa/ → /ˈmetʼɾə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmicʼɾit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmitʼɾiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmetʼɾa/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmetʼɾə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛd͡ʒɛri/
  • Conventional anglicization: medjeri

Verb

 4ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to turn (to someone) [Pyramid Texts]
2. (transitive) to turn aside, to deter (the wind) [12th Dynasty]
3. (transitive) to enclose, to envelop [Middle Kingdom and 18th Dynasty]

Inflection

Conjugation of mḏrj (fourth weak / 4ae inf. / IV. inf.) — base stem: mḏr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
mḏrt, mḏrj	mḏrw, mḏryw, mḏr	mḏrt, mḏrwt, mḏryt	mḏr	mḏr, mḏry

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
mḏr8	ḥr mḏrt, ḥr mḏrj	m mḏrt, ḥr mḏrj	r mḏrt, ḥr mḏrj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	mḏr.n	mḏrw, mḏr, mḏry	consecutive	mḏr.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	mḏrt
perfective3	mḏr	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	mḏr.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	mḏr, mḏry	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	mḏrw, mḏr, mḏry	mḏr	potentialis1	mḏr.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	mḏr, mḏry	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	mḏr.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	mḏrw1, mḏry, mḏr	active + .tj1, .tw2	mḏr	mḏry, mḏr
imperfective	mḏr, mḏry, mḏrw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	mḏr, mḏrj6, mḏry6	mḏr, mḏrw5
prospective	mḏrw1, mḏry, mḏr, mḏrtj7	—	mḏrwtj1 4, mḏrtj4, mḏrt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mḏrj  

mḏrj	mḏrj
[Pyramid Texts]	[Middle Kingdom]

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 193.
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 189.6–189.8
• Allen, James Peter (1984) The Inflection of the Verb in the Pyramid Texts, Malibu, California: Undena Publications, →ISBN, § 743, page 582