msj

See also: MSJ

Egyptian

Etymology

Related to ms (“child”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈmiːsit/ → /ˈmiːsiʔ/ → /ˈmiːsa/ → /ˈmiːsə/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmiːsit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmiːsiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmiːsa/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈmiːsə/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛsi/
  • Conventional anglicization: mesi

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (transitive) to give birth to
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Coffin Texts, version S1P (outer coffin of Nakhti, Louvre E 11981) spell 148, lines 121–122:

     jnk ḥr ms.n ꜣst jry mkt.f m ẖnw swḥt nj ꜣd wj hh n(j) r(ꜣ).ṯn nj pḥ.n wj ḏdt.ṯn r.j

     I am Horus, born of Isis, whose protection was made within the egg: the fiery breath of your mouths will not rage against me, and what you may say against me cannot reach me.

2. (transitive) to form, to create, to produce

Inflection

Conjugation of msj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ms, geminated stem: mss

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
mst, msj	msw, ms	mst, mswt, msyt	ms	ms, msy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ms8, mss8	ḥr mst, ḥr msj	m mst, m msj	r mst, r msj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ms.n	msw, ms, msy	consecutive	ms.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	mst, msyt
perfective3	ms	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ms.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ms, msy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	msw, ms, msy	msw, ms, msy	potentialis1	ms.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ms, msy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ms.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	msw1, msy, ms	active + .tj1, .tw2	ms	msy, ms
imperfective	mss, mssy, mssw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	mss, mssj6, mssy6	mss, mssw5
prospective	msw1, msy, ms, mstj7	—	mswtj1 4, mstj4, mst4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of msj  

msj	msj	msj	msj	msj	msj
[Old Kingdom]	[Old Kingdom]	[since the Old Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]		[since the end of the New Kingdom]
usual Old Kingdom form	occasional	rare		in hieratic

Derived terms

• jꜥḥ-ms
• jmn-ms
• ptḥ-ms
• mswt
• rꜥ-ms
• rꜥ-ms-sw
• smsj
• ḏḥwtj-ms
• ḏḏw-ms

 

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲓⲥⲓ (misi)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲓⲥⲉ (mise)

See also

• 𓁒

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926–1961) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 280.