nšp

Egyptian

Etymology

Compare Hebrew נָשַׁף (nāšap̄, “to exhale, to blow”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈnaːʃap/ → /ˈnaːʃap/ → /ˈnaːʃəp/ → /ˈnoːʃəp/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈnaːʃap/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈnaːʃap/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈnaːʃəp/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈnoːʃəp/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /nɛʃɛp/
  • Conventional anglicization: neshep

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to breathe
2. (intransitive) to breathe heavily, to pant
3. (transitive) to breathe (air)
4. (transitive) to smell (a scent)
5. (transitive) to make breathe

Inflection

Conjugation of nšp (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: nšp, geminated stem: nšpp

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
nšp	nšpw, nšp	nšpt	nšp	nšp

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
nšp	ḥr nšp	m nšp	r nšp

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	nšp.n	nšpw, nšp	consecutive	nšp.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	nšpt
perfective3	nšp	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	nšp.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	nšp	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	nšp	nšpp	potentialis1	nšp.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	nšp	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	nšp.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	nšp	active + .tj1, .tw2	nšp	nšp, nšpw5, nšpy5
imperfective	nšp, nšpy, nšpw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	nšp, nšpj6, nšpy6	nšp, nšpw5
prospective	nšp, nšptj7	—	nšptj4, nšpt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nšp  

nšsp

[Greco-Roman Period]

Descendants

• Coptic: ⲛⲟⲩϣⲡ (noušp)

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 339.1–339.8
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 140