air
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɛə̯/, /ɛː/
Audio (UK) (file)
- (General American) enPR: âr, IPA(key): /ɛɚ/, /ɛɹ/
Audio (US) (file)
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /eə̯/, [ɪə̯~eə̯]
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /eə̯/, /eː/
- Homophones: Ayr, ere, eyre, heir, are (unit of measurement); err (one pronunciation); e'er (US); ear (NZ)
- Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English aire, from Old French air, from Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr). Displaced native Old English lyft. More at lift, loft.
Noun edit
air (countable and uncountable, plural airs)
- (uncountable, meteorology) The substance constituting Earth's atmosphere, particularly:
- I'm going outside to get some air.
- The air on Mars is so thin that high and low temperatures on the day differ a lot.
- (historical, philosophy, alchemy) understood as one of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
- Synonym: wind
- (historical, medicine) understood as a particular local substance with supposed effects on human health.
- 1991 May 12, “Kidnapped!”, in Jeeves and Wooster, Series 2, Episode 5:
- Jeeves: Foreign travel often liberates emotions best kept in check, sir. The air of North America is notoriously stimulating in this regard, as witness the regrettable behavior of its inhabitants in 1776.
B. Wooster: Hm? What happened in 1776, Jeeves?
Jeeves: I prefer not to dwell on it, if it's convenient to you, sir.
- There was a tension in the air which made me suspect an approaching storm.
- (physics) understood as a gaseous mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and various trace gases.
- (usually with the) The apparently open space above the ground which this substance fills, (historical) formerly thought to be limited by the firmament but (meteorology) now considered to be surrounded by the near vacuum of outer space.
- The flock of birds took to the air.
- A breeze; a gentle wind.
- A feeling or sense.
- to give it an air of artistry and sophistication
- 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass., New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC:
- The girl stooped to pluck a rose, and as she bent over it, her profile was clearly outlined. She held the flower to her face with a long-drawn inhalation, then went up the steps, crossed the piazza, opened the door without knocking, and entered the house with the air of one thoroughly at home.
- 1951 October, H. A. Vallance, “Across Denmark by Lyntog”, in Railway Magazine, page 658:
- Even at the busiest periods, an air of quiet orderliness pervades the hall, and the first impression gained by the traveller is one of efficiency, neatness and cleanliness.
- November 2 2014, Daniel Taylor, "Sergio Agüero strike wins derby for Manchester City against 10-man United," guardian.co.uk
- Smalling’s quick one-two of yellow cards towards the end of the first half had left an air of inevitability about what would follow and, if anything, it was probably a surprise that City restricted themselves to Sergio Agüero’s goal bearing in mind another of United’s defenders, Marcos Rojo, was taken off on a stretcher early in the second half with a dislocated shoulder.
- A sense of poise, graciousness, or quality.
- 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], chapter 4, in Emma: […], volume I, London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:
- "He is very plain, undoubtedly—remarkably plain:—but that is nothing compared with his entire want of gentility. I had no right to expect much, and I did not expect much; but I had no idea that he could be so very clownish, so totally without air. I had imagined him, I confess, a degree or two nearer gentility."
- (usually in the plural) Pretension; snobbishness; pretence that one is better than others.
- putting on airs
- 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 1, in A Cuckoo in the Nest[1]:
- He read the letter aloud. Sophia listened with the studied air of one for whom, even in these days, a title possessed some surreptitious allurement.
- (music) A song, especially a solo; an aria.
- 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice: […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:
- "If I," said Mr. Collins, "were so fortunate as to be able to sing, I should have great pleasure, I am sure, in obliging the company with an air; for I consider music as a very innocent diversion, and perfectly compatible with the profession of a clergyman […] "
- 1850, T. S. Arthur, “Deacon Smith and his Violin”, in Sketches of Life and Character[2], Philadelphia: J. W. Bradley, →OCLC, page 70:
- The lad, his son, had obtained a Jew's-harp, and learned to play upon it the profane airs of "Yankee Doodle," "Hail Columbia," "St. Patrick's Day," and "Auld Lang Syne."
- (informal) Nothing; absence of anything.
- (countable, uncountable) An air conditioner or the processed air it produces.
- Could you turn on the air?
- Hey, did you mean to leave the airs on all week while you were on vacation?
- (obsolete, chemistry) Any specific gas.
- (snowboarding, skateboarding, motor sports) A jump in which one becomes airborne.
- A television or radio signal; (by extension) media broadcasts in general.
- 1996, Thomas Streeter, Selling the Air, →ISBN:
- Ernst gave a list of political activists who had been denied access to the air by private broadcasters, and pointed out that "Secretary Hoover's signature in New York sells for $150,000 to $200,000," thus limiting access to the air on the part of labor unions and other underrepresented groups.
- 2001, Dana Stabenow, The Singing of the Dead, →ISBN, page 17:
- Coming to you live once a month, or whenever I feel like broadcasting a little pirate air.
- 2015, Gary Andres, Paul Hernnson, Lobbying Reconsidered: Politics Under the Influence, page 149:
- “These members need air cover in the media.” Paid media is the admission ticket to enter the big-time Washington stage.
- (uncountable) Publicity.
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
- acid of air
- air admittance vent
- air ambulance
- air bag
- airbag
- air ball
- airball
- airband
- air bangs
- air base
- air-bath
- air bath
- airbeam
- air bearing
- air bed
- airbill
- air biscuit
- air bladder
- airblast
- air-blown asphalt
- Airbnb
- airboard
- airboat
- airbomb
- airborne
- air bounce
- airbound
- air-box
- airbox
- airbrake, air brake
- air-braked, airbraked
- airbrasion
- airbrasive
- airbreather
- air-breathing
- airbreathing
- air brick
- air bridge
- airbridge
- air-brush
- air brush
- airbrush
- air bubble
- air-built
- air-burst
- air burst
- airburst
- Airbus
- airbus
- aircab
- air cadet
- aircar
- air cargo
- air carrier
- air cell
- air chamber
- aircheck
- air chief marshal
- Air Chief Marshal
- air choke
- air cleaner
- aircoach
- air commode
- air commodore
- Air Commodore
- air compressor
- air-con
- air-condition
- air-conditioned
- air-conditioner
- air-conditioning
- air conditioning
- air-cooled
- air corridor
- air cover
- aircraft
- aircrane
- aircrash
- air crew
- aircrew
- air cushion
- air-cushion vehicle
- air cushion vehicle
- airdash
- air data
- airdate
- air de cour
- air denial
- air display
- airdock
- airdome
- air draft
- air drain
- air drainage
- airdraulic
- airdrawn
- air-dried
- air drill
- airdrome
- air-drop
- airdrop
- air-drumming
- air-dry
- air duct
- air-duct
- air duster
- air du temps
- air embolism
- air engine
- airfall
- airfare
- airfarer
- airfaring
- airfield
- air filter
- airflare
- airfleet
- air flow
- airflow
- airfoil
- air force
- air fountain
- airframe
- airfreight
- air freight
- air-freight
- air freshener
- air-fry
- air fry
- air fryer
- air gap
- airgap
- air-gapped
- air gas
- airgasm
- airglow
- airgram
- airgraph
- airgroup
- air guitar
- air-guitar
- air guitarist
- airgun
- air gun
- air-gun
- air hammer
- air-head
- airhead
- airheaded
- air hockey
- air hole
- airhole
- air horn, airhorn
- air-hose
- air hose
- air host
- air hostess
- airhouse
- air hunger
- airing cupboard
- air intake
- air integration
- airish
- air jacket
- air jail
- air kerma rate
- air kick
- air kiss
- air knife
- airland
- air lane
- airleg
- airless
- air letter
- airletter
- air level
- airlift
- airlike
- airline
- air line
- airliner
- airling
- airlink
- air loan
- air lock
- airlock
- air mail
- airmail
- airman
- airmark
- air marker
- air marshal
- Air Marshal
- air mass, airmass
- air mattress
- air mile
- airminded
- airmiss
- air-mobile
- airmobile
- airmonger
- air motor
- air navigation
- airometer
- air out
- air parcel
- airpark
- airpath
- airphone
- airphoto
- air photo
- airpipe
- air piracy
- air pirate
- air pistol
- airplane
- air plant
- airplay
- airpocalypse
- air pocket
- air pollutant
- air pollution
- airponics
- air popper
- airport
- airportable
- airpost
- air potato
- airpower
- air pressure
- airproof
- air-proof
- airpuff
- air puff test
- air-pump
- air pump
- air punch
- air purifier
- air quote
- air quotes
- air rage
- air raid
- air-raid
- air raiding
- air-raid shelter
- air raid siren
- air-raid siren
- air-raid warden
- air refresher
- air reservoir
- air resistance
- air ride
- air-ride
- air rifle
- air rights
- air sac
- airs and graces
- air sandwich
- airscape
- airscoop
- air scooter
- airscrew
- air-sea rescue
- air sense
- air shaft
- airshaft
- air shed
- airshed
- airshift
- air ship
- airship
- airshoot
- air shot
- air-shot
- air show
- air shower
- airsick
- airsickness
- airside
- air sign
- airsled
- air-smoothed
- air sock
- airsoft
- airsome
- air space
- airspace
- Airspeak
- airspeed
- air sport
- airstaff
- air staff
- airstair
- air steward
- air stewardess
- airstone
- airstop
- air stove
- airstream
- airstrike
- air strike
- airstrip
- airsuit
- air superiority
- air support
- air supremacy
- air suspension
- air tanker
- airtaxi
- air taxi
- air terminal
- air ticket
- airtight
- air tight
- air-tight
- airtime
- air time
- air-to-air
- air-to-air missile
- air-to-ground
- air-to-ship
- air-to-surface
- air-to-surface missile
- air traffic
- air traffic control
- air traffic controller
- airtram
- air transport
- airtrapping
- air travel
- air turborocket
- air up
- air vent
- Air Vice Marshal
- air vice-marshal
- airview
- air walk
- airwalk
- airwall
- air war
- airwar
- airward
- air warden
- airwards
- air washer
- airwave
- airwaves
- airway
- airwaybill
- air wing
- airwise
- airwoman
- airworthiness
- airworthy
- airwound
- airy
- alkaline air
- antiair
- anti-air
- bear in the air
- beat the air
- big air
- bleed air
- breath of fresh air
- build castles in the air
- canned air
- cassette air conditioner
- castle in the air
- catch air
- catch big air
- change of air
- chicken salad air
- clear-air turbulence
- clear the air
- combat air patrol
- complemental air
- compressed air
- compressed-air bath
- condensed air
- counterair
- dead air
- dead-air space
- deair
- dephlogisticated air
- direct air capture
- disappear into thin air
- empyreal air
- Finnair
- fire air
- fixed air
- fluoro acid air
- forced air
- freedoms of the air
- free to air
- free-to-air
- fresh air
- full of hot air
- gas and air
- general of the air force
- get some air / take some air
- give oneself airs
- give someone the air
- grab some air
- ground-to-air
- heavier-than-air
- heliair
- hepatic air
- hot air
- hot-air balloon
- hot air balloon
- hydrogen air
- inflammable air
- in the air
- into thin air
- light air
- lighter-than-air
- liquid air
- marine acid air
- mephitic air
- method air
- mid-air
- midair
- Mountainair
- night air
- nitrous air
- nonair
- off air
- off-air
- off the air
- off-the-air
- on air
- on-air
- on-the-air
- on the air
- open air
- open-air
- open air museum
- open-air museum
- out of thin air
- phlogisticated air
- plein air
- plein-air
- pseudoair
- punch the air
- pure air
- put on airs
- reair
- residual air
- rockair
- school of the air
- ship-to-air
- split-system air conditioner
- stationary air
- suck all the air out of
- suck the air out of
- suck up all the air in
- surface-to-air
- surface-to-air missile
- synthetic air
- TACAN
- tactical air commander
- tactical air control center
- take air
- take the air
- thin air
- tidal air
- too many balls in the air
- turn the air blue
- up in the air
- vanish into thin air
- vital air
- vitriolic acid air
- walk on air
- zero air
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Jersey Dutch: êr
Translations edit
Verb edit
air (third-person singular simple present airs, present participle airing, simple past and past participle aired)
- (transitive) To bring (something) into contact with the air, so as to freshen or dry it.
- (transitive) To let fresh air into (a room or a building), to ventilate.
- It's getting quite stuffy in this room: let's open the windows and air it.
- (transitive) To give voice to, to make public (an opinion etc.).
- 2010 February 11, Rosie Swash, “John Mayer apologises after using N-word in Playboy interview”, in The Guardian[3]:
- John Mayer has apologised for using a racist epithet in a recent interview with Playboy magazine, after a number of prominent black musicians aired their disapproval.
- (Can we verify(+) this sense?) To discuss varying viewpoints on a given topic.
- 1917, National Geographic, v.31, March 1917:
- Thus, in spite of all opposition, the rural and urban assemblies retained the germ of local government, and in spite of the dual control, as the result of which much of their influence was nullified, they did have a certain value in airing abuses and suggesting improvements.
- (transitive) To broadcast (a television show etc.).
- (intransitive) To be broadcast.
- This game show first aired in the 1990s and is still going today.
- (transitive, Britain, MLE, slang) To ignore (a person).
- Why is this girl airing me?
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Etymology 2 edit
Verb edit
air
Anagrams edit
Cornish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Old Cornish aer, aƿui(r), borrowed from Latin aer.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
air m
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French air, from Middle French air, from Old French air, from Latin āēr.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
air m (plural airs, diminutive airtje n)
Descendants edit
- Afrikaans: air
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French air, aire, from Latin āēr.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ɛʁ/
audio (file) - Homophones: aire, airent, aires, airs, ère, ères, erre, errent, erres, ers (general), haire, haires, hère, hères, r (aspirated)
Noun edit
air m (plural airs)
- air (gases of the atmosphere)
- trou d’air ― air pocket
- résistance de l’air ― air resistance
- tune, aria
- appearance
- avoir l’air ― to appear, to look, to seem
- air de famille ― family resemblance
- air (pretension)
- prendre des airs ― to put on airs
- se donner des airs ― give oneself airs
Derived terms edit
- à l’air
- à l’air libre
- air comprimé
- air de famille
- appel d’air
- armée de l’air
- au grand air
- avoir l’air
- chambre à air
- changer d’air
- courant d’air
- dans l’air
- dans l’air du temps
- en l’air
- en plein air
- foutre en l’air
- hôtesse de l’air
- les quatre fers en l’air
- libre comme l’air
- mal de l’air
- manche à air
- masse d’air
- ne pas manquer d’air
- pirate de l’air
- pistolet à air
- police de l’air et des frontières
- pomper l’air
- prendre des airs
- prendre l’air
- résistance de l’air
- rifle à air
- se donner des airs
- s’envoyer en l’air
- tête en l’air
- tirant d’air
- trou d’air
Further reading edit
- “air”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams edit
Gothic edit
Romanization edit
air
- Romanization of 𐌰𐌹𐍂
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Malay air, from Classical Malay اير (air), from Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wair, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
air (first-person possessive airku, second-person possessive airmu, third-person possessive airnya)
- water
- clear liquid H₂O
- mineral water
- one of the four elements in alchemy
- one of the five basic elements in some other theories
- (colloquial) a cockfight round which started by spraying water to the cock.
Derived terms edit
- air abu
- air adas
- air adhesif
- air adsorpsi
- air aerial
- air agresif
- air aki
- air alam
- air alami
- air alas
- air alkali
- air ampai
- air ampuh
- air anaerob
- air anggur
- air api
- air aromatik
- air artesis
- air arwah
- air asam
- air asin
- air asli
- air atar
- air awamineral
- air babak
- air bad
- air bah
- air bakat
- air baku
- air balas
- air bawaan
- air bawah permukaan
- air bawah tanah
- air bebas
- air bebas mineral
- air beku
- air belanda
- air bena
- air beras
- air berat
- air bergerak
- air bermineral
- air bersih
- air besar
- air biofilter
- air biru
- air boron
- air bumi
- air celah
- air comberan
- air curah
- air dadih
- air demineralisasi
- air diam
- air didih
- air doa
- air ekstraseluler
- air emas
- air es
- air fosil
- air freatik
- air garam
- air got
- air gravitasi
- air hablur
- air heksagonal
- air hidroskopik
- air hidung
- air higroskopis
- air hitam
- air imbibisi
- air infusan
- air intraselular
- air irigasi
- air jenuh
- air jeruk
- air juvenil
- air kandang
- air kapiler
- air kapur
- air karbonat
- air keling
- air kemih
- air kencing
- air keras
- air ketuban
- air ki
- air kisi
- air koloh-koloh
- air konduktivitas
- air kristalisasi
- air kubangan
- air kujumas
- air kumbahan
- air kumur
- air label ganda
- air landa
- air lata
- air laut
- air laut saniter
- air leding
- air limbah
- air lingkar
- air liur
- air ludah
- air lunak
- air magma
- air malihan
- air mampu curah
- air mancur
- air mandi
- air mani
- air manis
- air maram
- air masin
- air mata
- air mata buaya
- air mata duyung
- air matang
- air mati
- air maulhayat
- air mawar
- air merta jiwa
- air metabolik
- air metabolisme
- air mineral
- air minum
- air muka
- air mustakmal
- air najis
- air normal
- air oligotrofik
- air pasang
- air payau
- air pemandian alam
- air pengisi
- air penyeimbang beban
- air perak
- air perbani
- air permen
- air permukaan
- air pertumbuhan
- air primer
- air purwa
- air pusar
- air putih
- air raksa
- air rasa
- air ruang antara
- air ruban
- air sabun
- air sadah
- air saput
- air sebak
- air segar
- air selera
- air sembahyang
- air sembilan
- air senak
- air seni
- air senyawa
- air serani
- air setaman
- air sisipan
- air soda
- air suci
- air suling
- air suling dua kali
- air sumur
- air suri
- air surut
- air susu
- air susu jolong
- air susu pengganti
- air takbermineral
- air taktersedia
- air talkin
- air tambang asam
- air tanah
- air tanah anteseden
- air tanah bebas
- air tanah lapisan atas
- air tanah limpasan hujan
- air tanah tetap
- air tanah tubir
- air tanih
- air tawar
- air teh
- air tenang
- air tepung tawar
- air terdemineralisasi
- air terikat
- air terjun
- air terminumkan
- air tersedia
- air tersekap
- air tersenyawa
- air timah
- air timpas
- air tolak bala
- air tolak bara
- air tuban
- air utama jiwa
- air wangi
- air wudu
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “air” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Irish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Irish airid (“ploughs, tills”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
air (present analytic aireann, future analytic airfidh, verbal noun ar, past participle airthe)
Conjugation edit
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis (except an)
Noun edit
air m
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Pronoun edit
air (emphatic airsean)
- third-person singular masculine of ar (on him, on it m)
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
air | n-air | hair | not applicable |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “air”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “3 airid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Kedah Malay edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wair, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
air
- water.
- Air manis
- Sweet water
- Air manis
Kein edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
air
Further reading edit
Ludian edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *airo.
Noun edit
air
Malay edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *air, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *wair, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiʀ.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (āir).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
air (Jawi spelling اٴير, informal 1st possessive airku, 2nd possessive airmu, 3rd possessive airnya)
- water (liquid H2O)
- 2012, Faridah Abdul Rashid, Research on the Early Malay Doctors : 1900-1957 : Malaya and Singapore [4]
- loji rawatan air
- water treatment plant
- 2012, Faridah Abdul Rashid, Research on the Early Malay Doctors : 1900-1957 : Malaya and Singapore [4]
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
- Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “اير ajar”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, page 86
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “اير ayer or ayar”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 64
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “ayer”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 56-7
Further reading edit
- “air” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Norman edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
air m (plural airs)
- air (mixture of gases that make up the earth's atmosphere)
Related terms edit
Old French edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
air oblique singular, m (oblique plural airs, nominative singular airs, nominative plural air)
- air (mixture of gases that make up the earth's atmosphere)
Descendants edit
Old Irish edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From the same root as ar (“for”, preposition).
Pronunciation edit
Conjunction edit
air
- for (because, since)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:air.
Old Javanese edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *wahiR, compare Malay air.
Noun edit
air
Alternative forms edit
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- "air" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.
Pohnpeian edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
air
- (transitive) to strip off, as when stripping insulation off a wire
- (transitive) to wipe off a ropelike object by drawing it through one's hand or fingers
- Air mahs keleuen.
- Please wipe the sap off the hibiscus bast.
Scots edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle English air, from Old French air, from Latin āēr.
Noun edit
air (uncountable)
Derived terms edit
References edit
- “air, n.1” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Etymology 2 edit
From Icelandic ar (“mote, speck of dust”).
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
air (plural airs)
- (Orkney, Shetland, Caithness, Banff) A small quantity, particle, morsel; pinch (of snuff); whiff; taste
References edit
- “air, n.2” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Etymology 3 edit
Perhaps from air. See above.
Verb edit
air (third-person singular simple present airs, present participle airin, simple past aired, past participle aired)
References edit
- “air, v.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Etymology 4 edit
From Middle English ore, from Old English ār, from Proto-West Germanic *airu.
Alternative forms edit
- aer (Shetland)
Noun edit
air (plural airs)
References edit
- “air, n.3” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Etymology 5 edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
air (plural airs)
References edit
- “air, n.4” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Etymology 6 edit
From Middle English eire, from Old French eire, from Latin iter (“journey”).
Noun edit
air (plural airs)
References edit
- “air, n.5” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Etymology 7 edit
From Middle English er, from Old English ǣr, from Proto-West Germanic *airi.
Alternative forms edit
Adverb edit
air (not comparable)
Adjective edit
air (not comparable)
References edit
- “air, adv., adj.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Scottish Gaelic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:
- ar, air (“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic *ɸare (“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greek παρά (pará, “beside”) and English fore.
- for (“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic *uɸor (“over, on”) (compare Welsh ar, Breton war), from Proto-Indo-European *upér (compare Latin super, Ancient Greek ὑπέρ (hupér), Old English ofer).
- íar (“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic *eɸirom (“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁epi.
Cognates include Irish ar and Manx er.
Preposition edit
air (+ dative, triggers lenition in certain established phrases)
- on, upon
- air bàrr a' bhalla ― on top of the wall
- tha mi air an rathad ― I'm on my way
- air m' fhacal, chan innis mi dhi ― on my word, I will not tell her
- beag air bheag ― little by little (literally, “little on little”)
- in (certain geographical contexts)
- air a' Ghàidhealtachd ― in the Highlands
- air an dùthaich ― in the countryside
- of, concerning
- iomradh air do ghliocas ― a report of thy wisdom
- by
- air ainm ― by name
- (idiomatic) Used to indicate inalienable possession, feelings and minor medical conditions
- dè an t-ainm a tha ort? ― what's your name? (literally, “what the name that is on you?”)
- tha an t-acras orm ― I'm hungry (literally, “the hunger is on me”)
- tha falt dubh orra ― they have black hair (literally, “black hair is on them”)
- tha an cnatan oirre ― she has a bad cold (literally, “the cold is on her”)
- for, on account of, by means of, through, within (triggers lenition)
- air an adhbhar sin ― for that reason
- air bheag de làithean ― within a few days
- Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state (triggers lenition)
- bha mi air bhoil às dèidh dhomh siud fhaicinn ― I was enraged after I saw that
- bhiomaid air chall nan robh sinn anns a' choille ud ― we'd be lost if we were in that forest
- thèid mi air chèilidh air mo sheanmhair ― I will visit my grandmother
- (in conjunction with the verb bi) must, have to
- tha e air ri phàigheadh ― he has to pay (literally, “it is on him to pay”)
- (in one common phrase) or (triggers lenition)
- rud air choreigin ― something or other
- Used with a verbal noun to indicate the perfect tense; after
- tha mi air an obair a dhèanamh ― I have done the work (literally, “I am after the work its doing”)
- bha iad uile air falbh sa mhadainn ― they had all left in the morning (literally, “they were all after leaving in the morning”)
- bhithinn air faighinn às leis ― I would have gotten away with it (literally, “I would be after getting away with it”)
Inflection edit
Personal inflection of air | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Simple | Emphatic | ||||||
Singular | 1st | orm | ormsa | ||||||
2nd | ort | ortsa | |||||||
3rd m | air | airsan | |||||||
3rd f | oirre | oirrese | |||||||
Plural | 1st | oirnn | oirnne | ||||||
2nd | oirbh | oirbhse | |||||||
3rd | orra | orrasan |
Derived terms edit
- air dheireadh (“behind; late”)
- air sgàth (“for the sake of”)
- airson (“for”)
Pronoun edit
air
Etymology 2 edit
Reduced form of thar.
Alternative forms edit
Preposition edit
air (+ genitive, triggers lenition)
- form of thar; rarely used outwith the old counting system
- deich air fhichead ― thirty (literally, “ten over twenty”)
- a' dol air beinn ― going over a mountain
Usage notes edit
- The rule that this preposition governs the genitive is inconsistent.
Derived terms edit
- air fhichead (“twenty-...”)
Further reading edit
- Edward Dwelly (1911), “air”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
- MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “air”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN
- MacLennan, Malcolm (1925) A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Edinburgh: J. Grant, →OCLC
Veps edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Finnic *airo.
Noun edit
air
Declension edit
Inflection of air (inflection type 1/ilo) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | air | ||
genitive sing. | airon | ||
partitive sing. | airod | ||
partitive plur. | airoid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | air | airod | |
accusative | airon | airod | |
genitive | airon | airoiden | |
partitive | airod | airoid | |
essive-instructive | airon | airoin | |
translative | airoks | airoikš | |
inessive | airos | airoiš | |
elative | airospäi | airoišpäi | |
illative | airoho | airoihe | |
adessive | airol | airoil | |
ablative | airolpäi | airoilpäi | |
allative | airole | airoile | |
abessive | airota | airoita | |
comitative | aironke | airoidenke | |
prolative | airodme | airoidme | |
approximative I | aironno | airoidenno | |
approximative II | aironnoks | airoidennoks | |
egressive | aironnopäi | airoidennopäi | |
terminative I | airohosai | airoihesai | |
terminative II | airolesai | airoilesai | |
terminative III | airossai | — | |
additive I | airohopäi | airoihepäi | |
additive II | airolepäi | airoilepäi |
Welsh edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
air
- Soft mutation of gair.
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
gair | air | ngair | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |