penates

See also: Penates and pénates

English

Etymology

From Latin Penātēs, from penus (“inner part of house”).

Pronunciation

(UK) IPA^(key): /pɪˈnɑːtiːz/, /pɪˈneɪtiːz/

Noun

penates pl (plural only)

(Roman mythology) The household deities thought to watch over the houses and storerooms of ancient Rome.
- 1646, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, I.3:
  lest the name thereof being discovered unto their enemies, their Penates and Patronal Gods might be called forth by charms and incantations.
(figuratively) Synonym of household deities in other contexts.
- 1831, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XII, in Romance and Reality. […], volume I, London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley, […], →OCLC, page 101:
  ...and a china shepherd and shepherdess, clothed in "a green and yellow melancholy," were the penates of the mantel-piece.

Derived terms

lares and penates

Anagrams

nepetas, pesante, septane

Latin

Etymology

From penus (“food provisions stored inside”) +‎ -ās. Originally an adjective chiefly used in the phrase dī penātēs "gods of the home". Compare penetrālia.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /peˈnaː.teːs/, [pɛˈnäːt̪eːs̠]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /peˈna.tes/, [peˈnäːt̪es]

Noun

penātēs m pl (genitive penātium); third declension

Roman guardian deities of the household
(metonymically) dwelling, home, hearth
the cells of bees
Synonym: favī
a temple

Declension

Third-declension noun (i-stem), plural only.

Case	Plural
Nominative	penātēs
Genitive	penātium
Dative	penātibus
Accusative	penātēs penātīs
Ablative	penātibus
Vocative	penātēs

Descendants

English: penates
French: pénates
German: Penaten

References

penates in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
“penates”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
penates in Georges, Karl Ernst, Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 2, Hahnsche Buchhandlung