Wiktionary

-as

See also: Appendix:Variations of "as"

Albanian edit

Etymology edit

Variant of -at, seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat, Bushat.[1] The [-t] and [-s] are both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. An Illyrian derivation.[2]

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-as m (-as m)

  1. used to form toponyms. -ian

References edit

  1. ^ Dhrimo, Ali. Për Shqipen dhe shqiptarët. 2008
  2. ^ Kulla, Ariola. (2010). the Albanian Lingustic Journey from Ancient Illyrcum to EU. Linköping University. p. 21.

Cornish edit

Suffix edit

-as (plural -asow)

  1. -ful

Derived terms edit

Category Cornish terms suffixed with -as not found

Esperanto edit

Etymology edit

The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)

The vowel of -as is likely cognate with the Latin present, as in amat (“s/he loves”), and the corresponding present infinitive amāre, permitting the natural (for a European) -ant ending. i could come from past tense in Latin ami, amisti.

Pronunciation edit

  • IPA(key): [as]
  • Audio:
    (file)
  • Hyphenation: as

Suffix edit

-as

  1. ending of the present tense in verbs.

Finnish edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Finnic *-as, a variant of *-s (adjective-forming suffix), from Proto-Finno-Ugric *-s.

Suffix edit

-as (front vowel harmony variant -äs, linguistic notation -As)

  1. Forms some adjectives.
  2. Forms some nouns.

Declension edit

Inflection of -as (Kotus type 41/vieras, no gradation)
nominative -as -aat
genitive -aan -aiden
-aitten
partitive -asta -aita
illative -aaseen -aisiin
singular plural
nominative -as -aat
accusative nom. -as -aat
gen. -aan
genitive -aan -aiden
-aitten
-astenrare
partitive -asta -aita
inessive -aassa -aissa
elative -aasta -aista
illative -aaseen -aisiin
-aihinrare
adessive -aalla -ailla
ablative -aalta -ailta
allative -aalle -aille
essive -aana -aina
translative -aaksi -aiksi
abessive -aatta -aitta
instructive — -ain
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of -as (Kotus type 41/vieras, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -aani -aani
accusative nom. -aani -aani
gen. -aani
genitive -aani -aideni
-aitteni
-astenirare
partitive -astani -aitani
inessive -aassani -aissani
elative -aastani -aistani
illative -aaseeni -aisiini
-aihinirare
adessive -aallani -aillani
ablative -aaltani -ailtani
allative -aalleni -ailleni
essive -aanani -ainani
translative -aakseni -aikseni
abessive -aattani -aittani
instructive — —
comitative — -aineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative -aasi -aasi
accusative nom. -aasi -aasi
gen. -aasi
genitive -aasi -aidesi
-aittesi
-astesirare
partitive -astasi -aitasi
inessive -aassasi -aissasi
elative -aastasi -aistasi
illative -aaseesi -aisiisi
-aihisirare
adessive -aallasi -aillasi
ablative -aaltasi -ailtasi
allative -aallesi -aillesi
essive -aanasi -ainasi
translative -aaksesi -aiksesi
abessive -aattasi -aittasi
instructive — —
comitative — -ainesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -aamme -aamme
accusative nom. -aamme -aamme
gen. -aamme
genitive -aamme -aidemme
-aittemme
-astemmerare
partitive -astamme -aitamme
inessive -aassamme -aissamme
elative -aastamme -aistamme
illative -aaseemme -aisiimme
-aihimmerare
adessive -aallamme -aillamme
ablative -aaltamme -ailtamme
allative -aallemme -aillemme
essive -aanamme -ainamme
translative -aaksemme -aiksemme
abessive -aattamme -aittamme
instructive — —
comitative — -ainemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative -aanne -aanne
accusative nom. -aanne -aanne
gen. -aanne
genitive -aanne -aidenne
-aittenne
-astennerare
partitive -astanne -aitanne
inessive -aassanne -aissanne
elative -aastanne -aistanne
illative -aaseenne -aisiinne
-aihinnerare
adessive -aallanne -aillanne
ablative -aaltanne -ailtanne
allative -aallenne -aillenne
essive -aananne -ainanne
translative -aaksenne -aiksenne
abessive -aattanne -aittanne
instructive — —
comitative — -ainenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative -aansa -aansa
accusative nom. -aansa -aansa
gen. -aansa
genitive -aansa -aidensa
-aittensa
-astensarare
partitive -astaan
-astansa 		-aitaan
-aitansa
inessive -aassaan
-aassansa 		-aissaan
-aissansa
elative -aastaan
-aastansa 		-aistaan
-aistansa
illative -aaseensa -aisiinsa
-aihinsarare
adessive -aallaan
-aallansa 		-aillaan
-aillansa
ablative -aaltaan
-aaltansa 		-ailtaan
-ailtansa
allative -aalleen
-aallensa 		-ailleen
-aillensa
essive -aanaan
-aanansa 		-ainaan
-ainansa
translative -aakseen
-aaksensa 		-aikseen
-aiksensa
abessive -aattaan
-aattansa 		-aittaan
-aittansa
instructive — —
comitative — -aineen
-ainensa

Derived terms edit

Finnish terms suffixed with -as

Anagrams edit

Hungarian edit

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-as

  2. (adjective-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an adjective meaning "having something, a quality"; sometimes referred to as ornative.
    ‎haj (“hair”) + ‎-as → ‎hajas (“covered with hair”)
  4. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a noun to form an occupation or a collective noun.
    ‎fazék (“pot”) + ‎-as → ‎fazekas (“potter”)
  6. (number-forming suffix) Added to an ordinal number to form a digit or figure, cf. the relevant template.
    ‎három (“three”) + ‎-as → ‎hármas (“the digit or figure 3”)

Usage notes edit

  • (all senses) Variants:
    -s is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -os is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -as is added to other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -es is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ös is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

Derived terms edit

Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -as
Hungarian nouns suffixed with -as

See also edit

Ido edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Esperanto -as, Latin -ās, French -es, Spanish -as.

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-as

  1. desinence of the present tense in verbs

See also edit

Irish edit

Alternative forms edit

  • -eas (after palatal consonants)

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Old Irish -as, from Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

Suffix edit

-as m

  1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns
    Synonym: -achas
Declension edit
Declension of -as

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative -as -ais
Vocative a -ais a -asa
Genitive -ais -as
Dative -as -ais

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an -as na -ais
Genitive an -ais na -as
Dative leis an -as

don -as

leis na -ais

Derived terms edit
Irish terms suffixed with -as

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit

-as

  1. Relative ending of first conjugation verbs in the present tense
  2. Synthetic first person singular ending if first conjugation verbs in the past tense

Latin edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

By syncope, from the earlier form -ātis.

Suffix edit

-ās

  1. Used to form gentilic adjectives with the meaning "of/from" a country or place.
Usage notes edit

In an exception to the usual Latin stress rule, Latin words ending in this suffix were generally stressed on the final syllable of their nominative singular forms in -ās because of the aforementioned syncope.

Declension edit

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative -ās -ātēs -ātia
Genitive -ātis -ātium
-ātum
Dative -ātī -ātibus
Accusative -ātem -ās -ātēs -ātia
Ablative -āte
-ātī 		-ātibus
Vocative -ās -ātēs -ātia
Derived terms edit
Latin terms suffixed with -as

Etymology 2 edit

A declined form of -us (suffix forming adjectives).

Suffix edit

-ās

  1. accusative feminine plural of -us

Etymology 3 edit

From Proto-Italic *-ās, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yési.

Suffix edit

-ās

  1. second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)
Descendants edit
  • Catalan: -es
  • French: -es
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: -as
  • Spanish: -as

Etymology 4 edit

A declined form of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).

Suffix edit

-ās m

  1. accusative plural of -a
Descendants edit

Lithuanian edit

Suffix edit

-as m

  1. nominal suffix (ending) of the first declension of the nouns.
  2. nominal suffix (ending) which indicates a demonym.
    ‎Rusija (“Russia”) + ‎-as → ‎rusas (“Russian (person)”)

Derived terms edit

Lithuanian terms suffixed with -as

Middle English edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

-as

  1. Alternative form of -yssh
References edit

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit

-as

  1. Alternative form of -esse
References edit

Northern Sami edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Samic *-ës. Cognate of Finnish -e, Estonian -e.

Pronunciation edit

  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈ-as/

Suffix edit

-as

  1. Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb.
    ‎vuoidat (“to smear”) + ‎-as → ‎vuoiddas (“ointment”)

Usage notes edit

  • This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable in the nominative singular and essive, and the strong grade in the other forms.

Inflection edit

Odd, no gradation
Nominative -as
Genitive -asa
Singular Plural
Nominative -as -asat
Accusative -asa -asiid
Genitive -asa -asiid
Illative -asii -asiidda
Locative -asis -asiin
Comitative -asiin -asiiguin
Essive -asin
Possessive forms
Singular Dual Plural
1st person -asan -aseamẹ -aseamẹt
2nd person -asat -aseattẹ -aseattẹt
3rd person -asis -aseaskkạ -aseasẹt

Derived terms edit

Northern Sami terms suffixed with -as

Old English edit

Etymology edit

Perhaps from the Proto-Germanic accusative plural ending *-anz, with regularly lost -n- before a fricative, or perhaps from the nominative plural *-ōs, a voiceless variety of the regular ending *-ōz, or a merger of both. Akin to Saterland Frisian -s, West Frisian -s, Old Saxon -os (Low German -s), Dutch -s, Swedish -ar.

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-as

  1. Plural ending of nominative and accusative cases, originally of a-stem masculine nouns, later extended to other nouns.

Descendants edit

Old Galician-Portuguese edit

Etymology edit

Inherited from Latin -ās.

Suffix edit

-as

  1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of a verb in -ar
    ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas (“[you] love”)
    ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas (“[you] sing”)

Descendants edit

Old Irish edit

Alternative forms edit

  • -es (after palatal consonants)
  • -us

Etymology edit

From Proto-Celtic *-assus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ad-tus.

Suffix edit

-as m

  1. Nominal suffix, used to form abstract ideas or nouns
    ‎óclach (“young man”) + ‎-as → ‎óclachas (“youth”)
    ‎muinter (“family”) + ‎-as → ‎muinteras (“familiarity”)

Derived terms edit

Old Irish terms suffixed with -as

Descendants edit

References edit

Polish edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation edit

Suffix edit

-as m pers

  1. masculine noun suffix

Declension edit

Declension of -as
singular plural
nominative -as -asy / -asowie
genitive -asa -asów
dative -asowi -asom
accusative -asa -asów
instrumental -asem -asami
locative -asie -asach
vocative -asie -asy / -asowie

Derived terms edit

Polish terms suffixed with -as

Portuguese edit

Etymology 1 edit

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese -as, from Latin -ās. Compare Galician and Spanish -as.

Suffix edit

-as

  1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar
    ‎amar (“to love”) + ‎-as → ‎amas (“[you] love”)
    ‎cantar (“to sing”) + ‎-as → ‎cantas (“[you] sing”)
See also edit

Etymology 2 edit

Suffix edit

-as

  1. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er
    ‎correr (“to run”) + ‎-as → ‎corras (“that you run”)
  2. a suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -ir
See also edit

Spanish edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Latin -ās, the second-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.

Suffix edit

-as

  1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present indicative of -ar.

Etymology 2 edit

From Latin -eās, Latin -ās, and Latin -iās, the second-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.

Suffix edit

-as

  1. suffix indicating the second-person singular present subjunctive of -er verbs and -ir verbs
See also edit

Swedish edit

Suffix edit

-as

  1. Alternative form of -s (“adverbial suffix”)

Derived terms edit

References edit

Anagrams edit

Welsh edit

Pronunciation edit

Etymology 1 edit

Suffix edit

-as f

  1. Forms abstract nouns.
    ‎teyrn (“monarch, king”) + ‎-as → ‎teyrnas (“kingdom”)
    ‎bardd (“poet”) + ‎-as → ‎barddas (“poetry”)
    ‎urdd (“order, guild”) + ‎-as → ‎urddas (“honour, dignity”)

Etymology 2 edit

Cognate with Cornish -as.

Suffix edit

-as

  1. (South Wales) (colloquial) verb suffix for the third-person singular preterite
    Synonyms: -odd, -ws
Derived terms edit
Welsh terms suffixed with -as

References edit

R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-as”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

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