écarter
(Redirected from s'écarter)
French edit
Etymology edit
According to the Trésor de la Langue Française, borrowed from Vulgar Latin *exquartāre, from classical Latin quartus.[1]
The Vocabolario Etimologico of Pianigiani gives Vulgar Latin *excarptāre, formed with the supine Latin *excarptum of Latin *excarpāre or Latin excerpō (“choose, select”).[2] At the same time, Pianigiani adds an alternative etymology, though not fully explained, involving a relationship to Irish scar (past participle scartha), itself derived from Old Irish scaraid.
Compare Italian scartare and squartare; Spanish and Portuguese descartar; and English discard.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
écarter
- to separate, move apart
- to spread, open (fingers, legs etc)
- to draw (curtains)
- to dismiss, rule out, turn down
- to remove a person from a job or position
- Après le scandale financier, le congrès a voté pour écarter le président du pouvoir.
- After the financial scandal, Congress voted to remove the president from power.
- (Louisiana) to lose
- (reflexive) to withdraw, diverge, deviate
- (reflexive, Louisiana) to stray
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of écarter (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | écarter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | écartant /e.kaʁ.tɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | écarté /e.kaʁ.te/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | écarte /e.kaʁt/ |
écartes /e.kaʁt/ |
écarte /e.kaʁt/ |
écartons /e.kaʁ.tɔ̃/ |
écartez /e.kaʁ.te/ |
écartent /e.kaʁt/ |
| imperfect | écartais /e.kaʁ.tɛ/ |
écartais /e.kaʁ.tɛ/ |
écartait /e.kaʁ.tɛ/ |
écartions /e.kaʁ.tjɔ̃/ |
écartiez /e.kaʁ.tje/ |
écartaient /e.kaʁ.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | écartai /e.kaʁ.te/ |
écartas /e.kaʁ.ta/ |
écarta /e.kaʁ.ta/ |
écartâmes /e.kaʁ.tam/ |
écartâtes /e.kaʁ.tat/ |
écartèrent /e.kaʁ.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | écarterai /e.kaʁ.tə.ʁe/ |
écarteras /e.kaʁ.tə.ʁa/ |
écartera /e.kaʁ.tə.ʁa/ |
écarterons /e.kaʁ.tə.ʁɔ̃/ |
écarterez /e.kaʁ.tə.ʁe/ |
écarteront /e.kaʁ.tə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | écarterais /e.kaʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ |
écarterais /e.kaʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ |
écarterait /e.kaʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ |
écarterions /e.kaʁ.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
écarteriez /e.kaʁ.tə.ʁje/ |
écarteraient /e.kaʁ.tə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | écarte /e.kaʁt/ |
écartes /e.kaʁt/ |
écarte /e.kaʁt/ |
écartions /e.kaʁ.tjɔ̃/ |
écartiez /e.kaʁ.tje/ |
écartent /e.kaʁt/ |
| imperfect2 | écartasse /e.kaʁ.tas/ |
écartasses /e.kaʁ.tas/ |
écartât /e.kaʁ.ta/ |
écartassions /e.kaʁ.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
écartassiez /e.kaʁ.ta.sje/ |
écartassent /e.kaʁ.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | écarte /e.kaʁt/ |
— | écartons /e.kaʁ.tɔ̃/ |
écartez /e.kaʁ.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ “écarter”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- ^ Pianigiani, Ottorino (1907) “scartare”, in Vocabolario etimologico della lingua italiana (in Italian), Rome: Albrighi & Segati
Further reading edit
- “écarter”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- “écarter” in Dictionnaire français en ligne Larousse.
- “écarter” in Dico en ligne Le Robert.