stunda
IcelandicEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
stunda (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative stundaði, supine stundað)
- (transitive, with accusative) to pursue, to practice, to study
- (transitive, with accusative) to frequent, to visit often
ConjugationEdit
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að stunda | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
stundað | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
stundandi | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég stunda | við stundum | present (nútíð) |
ég stundi | við stundum |
þú stundar | þið stundið | þú stundir | þið stundið | ||
hann, hún, það stundar | þeir, þær, þau stunda | hann, hún, það stundi | þeir, þær, þau stundi | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég stundaði | við stunduðum | past (þátíð) |
ég stundaði | við stunduðum |
þú stundaðir | þið stunduðuð | þú stundaðir | þið stunduðuð | ||
hann, hún, það stundaði | þeir, þær, þau stunduðu | hann, hún, það stundaði | þeir, þær, þau stunduðu | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
stunda (þú) | stundið (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
stundaðu | stundiði * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að stundast | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
supine (sagnbót) |
stundast | ||||
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
stundandist ** ** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses | ||||
indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
present (nútíð) |
ég stundast | við stundumst | present (nútíð) |
ég stundist | við stundumst |
þú stundast | þið stundist | þú stundist | þið stundist | ||
hann, hún, það stundast | þeir, þær, þau stundast | hann, hún, það stundist | þeir, þær, þau stundist | ||
past (þátíð) |
ég stundaðist | við stunduðumst | past (þátíð) |
ég stundaðist | við stunduðumst |
þú stundaðist | þið stunduðust | þú stundaðist | þið stunduðust | ||
hann, hún, það stundaðist | þeir, þær, þau stunduðust | hann, hún, það stundaðist | þeir, þær, þau stunduðust | ||
imperative (boðháttur) |
stundast (þú) | stundist (þið) | |||
Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
stundastu | stundisti * | ||||
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. |
strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
stundaður | stunduð | stundað | stundaðir | stundaðar | stunduð | |
accusative (þolfall) |
stundaðan | stundaða | stundað | stundaða | stundaðar | stunduð | |
dative (þágufall) |
stunduðum | stundaðri | stunduðu | stunduðum | stunduðum | stunduðum | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
stundaðs | stundaðrar | stundaðs | stundaðra | stundaðra | stundaðra | |
weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
nominative (nefnifall) |
stundaði | stundaða | stundaða | stunduðu | stunduðu | stunduðu | |
accusative (þolfall) |
stundaða | stunduðu | stundaða | stunduðu | stunduðu | stunduðu | |
dative (þágufall) |
stundaða | stunduðu | stundaða | stunduðu | stunduðu | stunduðu | |
genitive (eignarfall) |
stundaða | stunduðu | stundaða | stunduðu | stunduðu | stunduðu |
Derived termsEdit
NounEdit
stunda
LatvianEdit
EtymologyEdit
A borrowing, traditionally described as from Middle Low German stunde (“hour”), since this form is found in the earliest attestations. But some authors argue that these early attestations are found only in some dialects, and that later competing forms (stunds, stunda) might correspond to earlier competing variants, which suggests that this word already existed in Latvian prior to Middle Low German influece. This would mean that it was previously borrowed from another Germanic language (possibly Gothic, or maybe Old High German or Old Norse). The current form stunda became stabilizied at the beginning of the 18th century.[1]
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
stunda f (4th declension)
- hour (a time period of 60 seconds)
- gaidīt veselu stundu ― to wait for a whole hour
- nokavēties par stundu ― to be late by an hour
- stundas ceturksnis ― a quarter of an hour
- septiņu stundu darba diena ― a seven-hour workday
- hour (relatively short period in a day, often associated with an event, activity, or situation)
- rīta stunda ― morning hour
- klusā stunda ― quiet hour (e.g., at a hospital)
- policijas, komandantas stunda ― curfew (literally: commandant's, police hour)
- kurp iesi tik agrā stundā? ― where are you going at this late hour?
- viņa stunda ir situsi ― his hour has come (= he will die)
- lesson (period of time in which a class takes place, especially at an educational institution)
- matemātikas stunda ― math lesson, class
- cikos skolā sākas stundas? ― at what time do classes start at school?
- (sa)gatavot stundu ― to prepare a lesson
- atstāt pēc stundām ― to keep (someone) after class
- ņemt stundas ― to take lessons
DeclensionEdit
singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīvs) | stunda | stundas |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | stundu | stundas |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | stundas | stundu |
dative (datīvs) | stundai | stundām |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | stundu | stundām |
locative (lokatīvs) | stundā | stundās |
vocative (vokatīvs) | stunda | stundas |
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) , “stunda”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Norwegian BokmålEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NounEdit
stunda m or f
Norwegian NynorskEdit
NounEdit
stunda f
Old EnglishEdit
NounEdit
stunda