-a
TranslingualEdit
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Used to create genus names from proper nouns
- Used to take the form of certain plural Latin-derived taxonomic names
Derived termsEdit
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From the homographic case endings of the nominative, accusative, and vocative forms of numerous Latin neuter second declension nouns.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ɑ/, /ə/
- Homophones: -er, -or (in non-rhotic accents)
SuffixEdit
-a
Usage notesEdit
- Whereas the regular pluralization in English involves adding -s or -es, English words derived from a Latin/Greek etymon where the Latin/Greek would pluralize from -on (Greek) or -um (Latin) to -a do not always do so. Usage of -a instead of -s differs between words: sometimes the two are interchangeable (e.g. memorandums/memoranda, polyhedrons/polyhedra), sometimes one is far more common than the other (e.g. neurons over neura, automata over automatons), and sometimes one is completely absent from usage (e.g. bacteria over bacteriums, dendrons over dendra)
- The word data is etymologically the plural of datum but is commonly regarded as an uncountable noun.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Representing the nominative singular case ending of Latin first-declension feminine nouns.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: ə, IPA(key): /ə/
SuffixEdit
- Marks singular nouns, with a foundation in Greek or Latin, often implying femininity, especially when contrasted with words terminating in -us.
SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit
- (feminine suffix): he-
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ə/
SuffixEdit
-a
Etymology 4Edit
Shortened version of verb have.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ə/
SuffixEdit
-a
Etymology 5Edit
Equivalent to Etymology 2, representing Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish feminine nouns.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ə/
SuffixEdit
-a
- Marks nouns, with a foundation in Italian, Spanish, or Portuguese, implying femininity.
SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit
- (female suffix): he-
Etymology 6Edit
Added especially for metrical reasons, or as an empty filler syllable. Also used to imitate an Italian accent.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ə/
SuffixEdit
-a
- Added for metrical reasons to songs, poetry and verse, or as an empty filler syllable to other speech.
- c. 1610–1611, William Shakespeare, “The VVinters Tale”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene iii]:
- A merry heart goes all the day
Your sad tires in a mile-a
- 1936 July 18, Leon Schlesinger (producer) / Norman Spencer (music), I Love to Singa:
- I love to sing-a / about the moon-a and the June-a and the spring-a, / I love to sing-a / about a sky of blue-a, or a tea for two-a.
- 2014, Don Pendleton, California Hit, Open Road Media (→ISBN)
- "I'm-a tell-a you why you better be. I named you in my will, Franco."
Alternative formsEdit
Etymology 7Edit
Shortened version of preposition of.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ə/
SuffixEdit
-a
- (slang) clitic form of o' (contraction of of)
- 1946, Elizabeth Metzger Howard, Before the Sun Goes Down, page 31:
Etymology 8Edit
Shortened version of verb to.
PronunciationEdit
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ə/
SuffixEdit
-a
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “-a”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 1.
- Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002), “-a”, in The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, →ISBN, page 1.
AlbanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Related to Albanian e (“of, the, to”) and -e.
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
-a f
Related termsEdit
CzechEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Forms agent nouns.
- Forms nouns referring to results of processes.
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- -a in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017
DutchEdit
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
SuffixEdit
-a
EsperantoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From feminine singular adjectives (and nouns) of the Romance languages, such as French ma, Italian mia, Spanish mía, fría.
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
SuffixEdit
-a
- Related to, in the manner of, of. Ending for all adjectives in Esperanto.
- Belonging to, of. Ending for all possessive pronouns in Esperanto.
- Used to form the ordinal numeral.
- -kind of. Ending of all correlatives of kind in Esperanto.
Derived termsEdit
FinnishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- -ä (in words with front vowel harmony)
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Finnic *-da, from the Proto-Uralic ablative case *-ta. A variant form *-ta (whence Finnish -ta) was used after a syllable with secondary stress (suffixal gradation).
SuffixEdit
-a (front vowel harmony variant -ä)
- (case suffix) Forms the partitive case of nouns, adjectives, numbers and some pronouns.
Usage notesEdit
- This suffix is used after a short vowel or the plural marker -j-.
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Finnic *-dak. Historically, a form of a lative suffix.
SuffixEdit
-a (front vowel harmony variant -ä)
- (verbal suffix) Forms the short form of the first infinitive of verbs.
Usage notesEdit
- The first infinitive, short form, is the citation form of verbs.
See alsoEdit
FrenchEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Suffix indicating the third-person singular past historic of -er verbs.
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
GaroEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- neutral, unmarked tense-aspect marker
Usage notesEdit
In addition to present time, it often shows habitual action, and can also past and future
GothicEdit
RomanizationEdit
-a
- Romanization of -𐌰
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From the *sᴕ̈ third-person personal pronoun of the ancestor language after it was appended to the word of possession. According to some linguists this attachment happened in the Proto-Uralic era, while others think it happened much later when the Hungarian language became independent.[1]
SuffixEdit
-a
- Possessive (and genitive) suffix: [from 1055]
- (with no possessor or with the 3rd-person pronoun as possessor, usually preceded by a definite article) his, her, its ……
- ház (“ház”) → (a) háza, az ő háza (“his/her/its house”)
- élet (“life”) → (az) élete, az ő élete (“his/her/its life”)
- barát (“friend”) → (a) barátja (“his/her/its friend”)
- kapu (“gate”) → (a) kapuja (“his/her/its gate”)
- palota (“palace”) → (a) palotája (“his/her/its palace”)
- kert (“garden”) → (a) kertje (“his/her/its garden”)
- betű (“letter”) → (a) betűje (“his/her/its letter”)
- vese (“kidney”) → (a) veséje (“his/her/its kidney”)
- (with a singular possessor) ……-'s, of …… (third-person singular, single possession)
- ház (“house”) → Anna háza (“Anna’s house”)
- ház (“house”) → a felkelő nap háza (“the house of the rising sun”)
- élet (“life”) → Anna élete (“Anna’s life”)
- élet (“life”) → a város élete (“the life of the city”)
- palota (“palace”) → a király palotája (“the king’s palace”)
- kapu (“gate”) → a ház kapuja (“the gate of the house”)
- kert (“garden”) → Anna kertje (“Anna’s garden”)
- kert (“garden”) → a tulipánok kertje (“the garden of [the] tulips”)
- (with a plural possessor) ……-s’, of ……-s (third-person plural, single possession)
- ház (“house”) → a szüleim háza (“my parents’ house”)
- ház (“house”) → a trópusi növények háza (“[the] house of [the] tropical plants”, literally “the tropical plants’ house”)
- élet (“life”) → a szüleim élete (“my parents’ lives”, literally “my parents’ life”)
- élet (“life”) → a könyvek élete (“[the] lives of [the] books”, literally “the books’ life”)
- palota (“palace”) → az uralkodók palotája (“the rulers’ palace”)
- kert (“garden”) → a szüleim kertje (“my parents’ garden”)
- kert (“garden”) → Az elágazó ösvények kertje (“The Garden of Forking Paths”)
- (with time expressions, referring to a point in time) …… ago
- (with time expressions, referring to a duration of time preceding the point of time in question) for ……
- Egy évszázada várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for a century.
- Két éve várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for two years.
- Egy órája várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for an hour.
- Sok/hosszú ideje várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for a long time.
- (mostly with quantities, often following -ik) of ……, out of …… (partitive sense)
- Synonym: (only with countable quantities) közül
- jó (jav-) (“the greater/better part”) → a java még hátravan (“the best/bulk is yet to come”, literally “its best/bulk is…”)
- legnagyobbik (“the biggest one”) → a bikák legnagyobbika (“the biggest [one] of the bulls”, synonymous with a legnagyobb bika)
- (with no possessor or with the 3rd-person pronoun as possessor, usually preceded by a definite article) his, her, its ……
- (personal suffix) [from the end of the 12th century]
- Third-person singular personal suffix in back-vowel verbs. Today it can be found in the third-person singular definite forms (indicative past and imperative conjugations) as part of the suffix -ja/-je, -ta/-te.
- Third-person singular personal suffix in back-vowel conjugated infinitives and in the declined and postposition forms of the third-person personal pronoun ő (“he/she/it”).
- tanulni (“to study”) → tanulnia kell (“he/she must study”, literally “it is necessary for him/her to study”)
- kérni (“to request, ask for”) → kérnie kell (“he/she must request [it]”, literally “it is necessary for him/her to request”)
- -ról (“about”) → róla (“about him/her/it”)
- -től (“from”) → tőle (“from him/her/it”)
- után (“after”) → utána (“after him/her/it”)
- fölött (“above”) → fölötte (“above him/her/it”)
Usage notesEdit
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -a is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -e is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ja is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-; final -o changes to -ó-.
- -je is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-; final -ö changes to -ő-.
- This suffix (in all forms) is normally used for the third-person singular possessive (single possession) but, after an explicit plural possessor, it also expresses the third-person plural possessive (single possession), e.g. “the children's ball” (a gyerekek labdája). If the possessor is implicit (not named, only marked by a suffix), the plural possessive suffix must be used, e.g. “their ball” (a labdájuk, see -juk and its variants).
- (personal suffix) Variants:
- Note that the corresponding (third-person singular) indicative mood of front-vowel verbs is -i, e.g. kéri (“s/he requests it”).
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | -a | — |
| accusative | -át | — |
| dative | -ának | — |
| instrumental | -ával | — |
| causal-final | -áért | — |
| translative | -ává | — |
| terminative | -áig | — |
| essive-formal | -aként | — |
| essive-modal | -ául | — |
| inessive | -ában | — |
| superessive | -án | — |
| adessive | -ánál | — |
| illative | -ába | — |
| sublative | -ára | — |
| allative | -ához | — |
| elative | -ából | — |
| delative | -áról | — |
| ablative | -ától | — |
| non-attributive possessive - singular |
-áé | — |
| non-attributive possessive - plural |
-áéi | — |
See alsoEdit
Etymology 2Edit
[1055] It can be traced back to Proto-Uralic *-i̮ which with the word-final vowel created the diphthong -ai̮/-ei̮. This had simplified to -á/-é, finally in the Old Hungarian era it had shortened to -a/-e. It was a productive suffix at that time, the back-vowel variant was used even in front-vowel words such as the Old Hungarian female given names Fehéra and Szépa, derived from fehér (“light in color”) and szép (“beautiful”), respectively.[1]
SuffixEdit
-a
- (diminutive suffix) The back-vowel variant of the -a/-e diminutive suffix pair. In the past it could be found in common nouns, as well, but today it is used mostly in given names.
Etymology 3Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
SuffixEdit
-a
- (personal suffix, archaic) Used to form the third-person singular indicative past indefinite, for back-vowel verbs. The front-vowel version is -e. The suffix currently used in this place is -t, -tt, or -ott. For the full paradigm, see the usage template.
Etymology 4Edit
Along with its front-vowel counterpart -e, from the diphthongs -ai̮/-ei̮, developing to -á/-é, then shortened to this form by the end of the early Old Hungarian period. After the participle suffix became fixed as -ó/-ő, the remaining words suffixed with -a/-e underwent conversion; some became adjectives, others, nouns.[1]
SuffixEdit
-a
- (obsolete participle suffix) Synonym of -ó (present-participle suffix) From a synchronic perspective, it can be viewed as a nominal-forming suffix, preserved in some adjectives and nouns (see below). No longer productive. Its front-vowel version is -e.
Derived termsEdit
- borissza, bornemissza
- cafka
- (csala)finta (dubious)
- csóka
- csusza
- duda
- furcsa
- gyagya
- handa(banda)
- (hepe)hupá(s)
- hinta
- hulla
- illa (berek)
- inga
- kába
- kajla
- koca
- kósza
- kuka (“dumb”)
- kusza
- kutya (debated)
- léha
- morzsa (debated)
- pala
- pecá(zik)
- pilla
- pofa (debated)
- pongyola (debated)
- potya
- puha
- ronda (dubious)
- rozoga
- satra(fa)
- sima
- (zene)bona
ReferencesEdit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 -a in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
IcelandicEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Used to form verbs from nouns.
- Used to form adverbs from adjectives.
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
IdoEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
Derived termsEdit
Usage notesEdit
One may elide the final a of the adjectives, but with the condition not to produce accumulation from the consonants. One advise to use the elision mainly with the derivatived adjectives and particularly when they finish with -al-(a).[1]
ReferencesEdit
- ^ “KGD”, in Kompleta gramatiko detaloza[1] (in Ido), accessed 2015-12-23, archived from the original on 27 January 2012
IrishEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- plural ending of certain nouns
- plural ending of adjectives in the nominative, vocative, dative, and strong genitive cases
- genitive singular ending of third-declension nouns
ItalianEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Used, with a stem, to form the third-person singular present tense of -are verbs.
- Used, with a stem, to form the second-person singular imperative of -are verbs.
- Used, with a stem, to form the first-person singular, second-person singular and third-person singular present subjunctive of -ere verbs, and of those -ire verbs that do not insert -isc-.
- Used, with a stem, to form the third-person singular imperative of -ere verbs, and of those -ire verbs that do not insert -isc-.
LatinEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Italic *-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂ (feminine suffix) (also forming masculine agent nouns from verbs).
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a f or m (genitive -ae); first declension
- suffixed to the root of masculine nouns, forms a feminine counterpart
- suffixed to the roots of (usually compound) verbs, forms (usually masculine) agent nouns
DeclensionEdit
First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -a | -ae |
| Genitive | -ae | -ārum |
| Dative | -ae | -īs |
| Accusative | -am | -ās |
| Ablative | -ā | -īs |
| Vocative | -a | -ae |
1. Certain masculine nouns ending in -a, especially those ending in -cola and -gena, sometimes have a short genitive plural form ending in -um instead of -ārum.
2. Feminine nouns such as fīlia (“daughter”) that have a second-declension masculine counterpart that takes the ending -īs in the dative and ablative plural (fīlius (“son”), with the dative and ablative plural fīliīs) sometimes take the ending -ābus instead of -īs in the dative and ablative plural to avoid ambiguity. Forms in -ābus are attested earliest for the nouns fīlia and dea (“goddess”), and later on for others such as līberta (“freedwoman”), equa (“mare”) and anima.
SynonymsEdit
- (suffixed to the roots of verbs, forms masculine agent nouns): -ō¹
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “-a¹” on page 1/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Latin -ād, originally the ablative feminine singular form of first-declension adjectives (compare -us (suffix forming adjectives)).
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ā (not comparable)
- suffixed chiefly to the stems of adjectives terminating in -ter, forms adverbs which are frequently also used as prepositions
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “-ā²” on page 1/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Etymology 3Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
PronunciationEdit
- -a: (Classical) IPA(key): /a/, [ä]
- -a: (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /a/, [ä]
- -ā: (Classical) IPA(key): /aː/, [äː]
- -ā: (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /a/, [ä]
SuffixEdit
-a
- inflection of -us:
SuffixEdit
-ā
Etymology 4Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ā
- second-person singular present active imperative of -ō (first conjugation)
LatvianEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
LushootseedEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
Derived termsEdit
MakasarEdit
ArticleEdit
-a
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Aburaerah Arief (1995) Kamus Makassar–Indonesia, Ujung Pandang: Yayaan Perguruan Islam Kapita, page 29.
MalteseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Arabic ـَة (-a), reinforced by Sicilian and Italian -a, which are unrelated but used similarly.
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /a/
- Homophone: -ha (distinct after -h, -ħ, -għ; may also trigger different stem alternations)
SuffixEdit
-a
- Used to form the feminine forms of most nouns and adjectives.
- Used to form the plurals of some nouns and adjectives.
- Used to form singulatives from collective nouns.
MaoriEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- passive ending (used mainly for verbs with one or two vowels)
Derived termsEdit
MaquiritariEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Forms the nonpast tense.
- Marks imperfective aspect in both the recent and distant past tenses.
Usage notesEdit
This suffix can cause syllable reduction. The suffix takes the form -ka when the preceding syllable is reducible and has an onset of k, -ya when the preceding syllable ends in i, and -a in other contexts.
When marking the past imperfective, this suffix never occurs alone but is always accompanied by other suffixes bearing tense/aspect or at least number information. Conversely, when marking the nonpast tense, it occurs alone without other tense/aspect markers, though it can form a plural -aato.
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[2], Lyon, page 213–224
Murui HuitotoEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.[3], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 81
Northern SamiEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Samic *-ëk. Cognate with Finnish -e.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a (with odd-syllable stems -at)
- Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something used for performing the verb.
- Forms nouns from verbs, indicating something that results from having the verb's action performed.
Usage notesEdit
- This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable in the nominative singular and essive, and the strong grade in the other forms.
InflectionEdit
| Odd, no gradation | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -at | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | -aga | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Singular | Plural | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Nominative | -at | -agat | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | -aga | -agiid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | -aga | -agiid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Illative | -agii | -agiidda | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Locative | -agis | -agiin | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Comitative | -agiin | -agiiguin | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Essive | -agin | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
Derived termsEdit
Norwegian NynorskEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- the, Definite marker used for
- Synonym: (only for strong nouns; nonstandard since 2012) -i
- the definite singular of (strong) feminine nouns.
- the definite plural of strong neuter nouns.
- (dialectal) the dative singular case of strong masculine nouns.
- (archaic, nonstandard) Used to form definite singular dative case of weak masculine and neuter nouns
- -ed, Used for:
- Used to form an infinitive form for most verbs. When using split infinitive, this only applies to a select group.
- Used to form singular indefinite feminine form of some pronouns and adjectives (e.g. inga, lita, noka etc.).
- plural of -um
- plural of -on
- Used as an ending of weak nouns and adjectives. Used for:
- the singular of weak feminine nouns, indefinite (non-standard since 2012) and definite forms.
- the singular of weak neuter nouns, indefinite and definite forms (e.g. auga, hjarta, øyra).
- (dated or dialectal) adverbs ((pre-2012) alternative form of -e).
- (Aasen, archaic or dialectal) the singular definite feminine and neuter forms of adjectives.
- (Aasen, archaic, nonstandard) Used to form the feminine indefinite plural of adjectives.
- (Aasen, archaic, nonstandard) Used to form the genitive plural of nouns.
AnagramsEdit
Old EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Germanic *-ô. Cognate with Old High German -o.
SuffixEdit
-a
- nominative masculine n-stem ending
- used to form masculine agents from verbs
DeclensionEdit
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Middle English: -e
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Germanic *-ô.
SuffixEdit
-a
- Ending forming adverbs
Usage notesEdit
- Though it was common in Proto-Germanic and Proto-West Germanic, in Old English this ending is restricted to only a few adverbs, among them sōna (“immediately”) and ġeāra (“long ago”). The competing suffix -e is much more common, along with -līċe.
Old IrishEdit
PronounEdit
-a
- combines with prepositions to form a relative pronoun
Derived termsEdit
Old NorseEdit
Etymology 1Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Alternative formsEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- indicates negation; does not
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Germanic *-ōną.
SuffixEdit
-a
- Creates denominative verbs from nouns
- Creates factitive verbs from adjectives
ConjugationEdit
| infinitive | -a | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | -andi | |
| past participle | -aðr | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | -a | -aða |
| 2nd-person singular | -ar | -aðir |
| 3rd-person singular | -ar | -aði |
| 1st-person plural | -um | -uðum |
| 2nd-person plural | -ið | -uðuð |
| 3rd-person plural | -a | -uðu |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | -a | -aða |
| 2nd-person singular | -ir | -aðir |
| 3rd-person singular | -i | -aði |
| 1st-person plural | -im | -aðim |
| 2nd-person plural | -ið | -aðið |
| 3rd-person plural | -i | -aði |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | -a | |
| 1st-person plural | -um | |
| 2nd-person plural | -ið | |
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
From Proto-Germanic *-ê and *-ô.
SuffixEdit
-a
Etymology 4Edit
From Proto-Germanic *-ǭ or *-ô.
SuffixEdit
-a f or n
- Occurs in the nominative singular of feminine on-stem nouns
- Occurs in the singular of neuter an-stem nouns
DeclensionEdit
Etymology 5Edit
Different noun forms.
SuffixEdit
-a
- indefinite genitive plural (of nouns)
- inflection of -i (masculine an-stem nouns):
- indefinite accusative plural of -r (masculine a-stem nouns)
Old SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.- sighia
- to say
- hælgha
- to celebrate
DescendantsEdit
- Swedish: -a
PhaluraEdit
Etymology 1Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Third person singular suffix
Alternative formsEdit
- -íi (With e-ending verb stems)
- -óo (With a-ending verb stems)
- -e (Biori)
- -úu (With a-ending verb stems in Biori)
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[4], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 2Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Plural suffix (with a-declension nouns)
Alternative formsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[5], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 3Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Oblique case suffix (with a-declension nouns)
Alternative formsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[6], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 4Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Masculine plural agreement suffix
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[7], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Etymology 5Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Masculine non-nominative and non-singular agreement suffix
ReferencesEdit
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[8], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
PolishEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Forms nominative feminine nouns
- Forms feminine names from masculine names
- Forms feminine nominative and vocative forms of adjectives
- Used to create the masculine genitive singular, usually of animate nouns, but also of some inanimate nouns
- Forms the nominative plural of neuter nouns
- Forms genitive singular of neuter nouns
- Used in some adverbial constructions
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- -a in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- -a in Polish dictionaries at PWN
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Portuguese -a, from Latin -am, accusative singular of -a.
SuffixEdit
-a f
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Portuguese -a, from Latin -at.
SuffixEdit
-a
- forms the third-person singular present indicative of verbs ending in -ar
- João fala português. ― John speaks Portuguese.
Etymology 3Edit
From Old Portuguese -a, from Latin -ā.
SuffixEdit
-a
- forms the second-person singular affirmative imperative of verbs ending in -ar
- João, conta-nos o teu apelido. ― John, tell us your last name.
Etymology 4Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
SuffixEdit
-a
- forms the first-person singular present subjunctive of verbs ending in -er and -ir
- É importante que eu coma carne. ― It is important that I eat meat.
- forms the third-person singular present subjunctive of verbs ending in -er and -ir
- É importante que ele coma carne. ― It is important that he eat meat.
- forms the third-person singular affirmative imperative of verbs ending in -er and -ir
- Ei você aí, coma carne. ― Hey you there, eat meat.
- forms the third-person singular negative imperative of verbs ending in -er and -ir
- Ei você aí, não coma carne. ― Hey you there, don’t eat meat.
Usage notesEdit
The third-person imperative isn’t used with third person pronouns, it’s used with você, which is a second-person pronoun but always takes third-person conjugation.
Etymology 5Edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
SuffixEdit
-a
- (slang) used in the end of shortenings
- vestibular + -a → vestiba (“university admittance test”)
- vagabundo + -a → vagaba (“loafer”)
RomaniEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Forms the nominative plural of consonantal oikoclitic nouns
- Forms the accusative singular of unjotated oikoclitic animate feminine nouns
- Forms the feminine singular oblique of consonantal oikoclitic nouns. Displaced by -e in most dialects
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Yaron Matras; Anton Tenser, editors (August 2020) The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics, Palgrave Macmillan, →ISBN, page 30, 166
RomanianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin illa, nominative feminine singular of ille.
Alternative formsEdit
- -ua (used for feminine nouns ending in a stressed vowel or diphthong)
SuffixEdit
-a f
- (definite article) the (feminine singular, nominative and accusative)
Usage notesEdit
This form of the definite article is used for feminine nouns in the nominative and accusative cases which end in -ă or in an unstressed vowel:
The suffix is also used with feminine adjectives in the nominative and accusative cases to make the articulated definite form, often for emphasis, and it is used before the noun it modifies:
- fata bună + -a → buna fată (both meaning "the good girl")
- câmpia întinsă + -a → întinsa câmpie (both meaning "the wide/extensive plain")
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Latin -āre, the ending of the present active infinitive form of first conjugation verbs. Cognate with Spanish -ar, French -er, Italian -are, etc.
SuffixEdit
-a
- A suffix forming infinitives of many verbs.
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Derived termsEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-a (Cyrillic spelling -а)
- Suffix appended to words (usually verbal stems) to create a feminine noun, usually denoting a relation or to form a proper noun.
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Slavic *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *-ōd, the thematic ablative ending.
SuffixEdit
-a (Cyrillic spelling -а)
- Forms the genitive singular of masculine and neuter nouns and indefinite adjectives.
SlovakEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *-ę.
SuffixEdit
-a n
- Forms nouns for young animals and other diminutives.
DeclensionEdit
Usage notesEdit
- After labio-dental and bilabial consonants -ä is used instead.
SpanishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-a f (plural -as)
SuffixEdit
-a
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Latin -at, the third-person singular present active indicative ending of first conjugation verbs.
SuffixEdit
-a
- used to form the third-person singular (also used with usted) present indicative mood of regular -ar verbs
Etymology 3Edit
From Latin -eam, Latin -am, and Latin -iam the first-person singular present active subjunctive endings of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively; and from Latin -eat, Latin -at, and Latin -iat, the third-person singular present active subjunctive ending of second, third, and fourth conjugation verbs, respectively.
SuffixEdit
-a
- used to form the first and third-person singular (also used with usted) singular present subjunctive mood of -er and -ir verbs, also used for the imperative mood of usted
Etymology 4Edit
From Latin -ā (second-person singular present active imperative ending of first conjugation verbs).
SuffixEdit
-a
- used to form the second-person singular imperative mood of -ar verbs
Derived termsEdit
SwedishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Swedish -a, from Old Norse -a, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną.
SuffixEdit
-a
- A verb-building suffix that can be added to noun or adjectives.
Usage notesEdit
- On adjectives: Traditionally, if the noun is in the definite singular form it should not refer to a male human if it uses the suffix -a. If it refers to such a person, the suffix should instead be -e, but one should note that this rule is not universally adhered to – in particular dialects of northern Sweden do not recognize the -e suffix at all, but use -a in all instances.
ConjugationEdit
- For weak verbs with a voiceless ending stem:
| Active | Passive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | - | -s | ||
| Supine | -t | -ts | ||
| Imperative | - | — | ||
| Imper. plural1 | -en | — | ||
| Present | Past | Present | Past | |
| Indicative | -er | -te | -s, -es | -tes |
| Ind. plural1 | - | -te | -s | -tes |
| Subjunctive2 | -e | -te | -es | -tes |
| Participles | ||||
| Present participle | -nde | |||
| Past participle | -t | |||
| 1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. | ||||
- For weak verbs with a voiced ending stem:
| Active | Passive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | - | -s | ||
| Supine | -t | -ts | ||
| Imperative | - | — | ||
| Imper. plural1 | -en | — | ||
| Present | Past | Present | Past | |
| Indicative | -er | -de | -s, -es | -des |
| Ind. plural1 | - | -de | -s | -des |
| Subjunctive2 | -e | -de | -es | -des |
| Participles | ||||
| Present participle | -nde | |||
| Past participle | -d | |||
| 1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. | ||||
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
The language noun sense originally comes from the definite adjective + tunga (“tongue; language”). Thus svenska (“Swedish”) was originally svenska tungan (the Swedish tongue)
SuffixEdit
-a
- (on a positive adjective) Weak (definite) singular suffix, historically feminine
- Transform an adjective describing a people speaking a language into the noun for that language.
- Marker of definiteness for noun plurals ending in -n (fourth declension).
Etymology 3Edit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Create a noun from a numeral.
TokelauanEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Polynesian *-a. Cognates include Tuvaluan -a and Samoan -a.
SuffixEdit
-a
- Creates a verb denoting an abundancy of the suffixed noun; -ful
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Added to transitive verbs when preceded by the subject pronoun.
ReferencesEdit
- R. Simona, editor (1986) Tokelau Dictionary[9], Auckland: Office of Tokelau Affairs, page 1
TurkishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- -ya, -ye (after a vowel)
- -na, -ne (after a possessive, dative only)
- -e (in words with front vowel harmony)
SuffixEdit
-a (in words with back vowel harmony)
VolapükEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- A morpheme used to mark the genitive singular of a word (such as a noun, adjective or pronoun). It is also the most common morpheme used in creating innumerable compound words, some of which can be very long
- Elaf Tyrannosaurus rex älifon in taledadil, kel nu binon dil Nolüda-Meropa.
- Tyrannosaurus rex lived in an area of the earth, which is now a part of North America.
- Buks binons stumem lärnazilana (/ lärnazilanastumem / stumem lärnazilanik).
- Books are a scholar's tools.
WalloonEdit
EtymologyEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- Forming masculine nouns from verbs and nouns, having the sense of 'tool, object for a specific purpose'.
Derived termsEdit
WelshEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- -af (colloquial first-person singular future)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-a
- (literary) verb suffix for the third-person singular present indicative/future
- (literary) verb suffix for the second-person singular present imperative
- (colloquial) verb suffix for the first-person singular future
- (colloquial) verb suffix for the second-person singular present imperative
- verbal suffix denoting action, and when used with gatherable nouns (fruit, plants, firewood etc) denotes the action of gathering that thing