wḏ

See also: wd, Wd, WD, and W.D.

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /wɛd͡ʒ/
  • Conventional anglicization: wedj

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (transitive) to command
   • 6th Dynasty, Giza, Western Cemetery, Shaft G 2188 Y, Block of sunk relief inscription mentioning the dog Abutiu (35-10-22/Cairo JE 67573), lines 3–6:

     
     
     

     wḏ ḥm.f qrs.f rḏj n.f qrst m prwj-ḥḏ (j)dmj ꜥꜣ wrt [s]nṯr

     His Majesty commanded that he be buried, that he be given a burial from the two treasuries and very much fine linen and incense.

2. (transitive) to decree
3. (transitive) to give over, commend, entrust, or assign (someone or something) (+ n: to (some person or fate))

Inflection

Conjugation of wḏ (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: wḏ, geminated stem: wḏḏ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
wḏ	wḏw, wḏ	wḏt	wḏ, j.wḏ	wḏ, j.wḏ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
wḏ	ḥr wḏ	m wḏ	r wḏ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	wḏ.n	wḏw, wḏ	consecutive	wḏ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	wḏt
perfective3	wḏ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	wḏ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	wḏ, j.wḏ1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	wḏ	wḏḏ	potentialis1	wḏ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	wḏ, j.wḏ1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	wḏ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	wḏ	active + .tj1, .tw2	wḏ	wḏḏ, wḏḏj6, wḏ2, wḏw2 5, wḏy2 5
imperfective	j.wḏ1, wḏ, wḏy, wḏw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.wḏ1, j.wḏw1 5, wḏ, wḏj6, wḏy6	wḏ, wḏw5
prospective	wḏ, wḏtj7	—	wḏtj4, wḏt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wḏ  

wḏ	wḏ

Derived terms

• wḏt
• wḏ-mdw
• swḏ

Noun

 m

1. command
2. decree

Inflection

Declension of wḏ (masculine)

singular	wḏ
dual	wḏwj
plural	wḏw

Synonyms

• wḏt

Noun

 m

1. stela

Inflection

Declension of wḏ (masculine)

singular	wḏ
dual	wḏwj
plural	wḏw

References

• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[1], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 394.10–395.22
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 36, 171, 231, 299, 313.
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 70