Egyptian
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Pronunciation
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Etymology 1
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Sometimes hypothesized to be from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *wsɣ; compare Arabic وَسُعَ (wasuʕa, “to be wide”), Arabic وَسِعَ (wasiʕa, “to be wide”).[1]
3-lit.
- (intransitive) to be(come) broad, to be(come) wide
- (intransitive, of movements) to be(come) extensive, wide-ranging
- (intransitive) to be(come) abundant, extensive, rich (+ m: in)
- (intransitive, of names) to be(come) renowned, widely known, famous
- (intransitive, impersonal, with n) to have space for (someone)
Inflection
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Conjugation of wsḫ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wsḫ, geminated stem: wsḫḫ
infinitival forms
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imperative
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infinitive
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negatival complement
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complementary infinitive1
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singular
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plural
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wsḫ
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wsḫw, wsḫ
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wsḫt
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wsḫ
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wsḫ
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‘pseudoverbal’ forms
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stative stem
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periphrastic imperfective2
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periphrastic prospective2
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wsḫ
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ḥr wsḫ
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m wsḫ
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r wsḫ
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suffix conjugation
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aspect / mood
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active
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contingent
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aspect / mood
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active
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perfect
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wsḫ.n
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consecutive
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wsḫ.jn
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terminative
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wsḫt
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perfective3
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wsḫ
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obligative1
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wsḫ.ḫr
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imperfective
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wsḫ
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prospective3
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wsḫ
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potentialis1
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wsḫ.kꜣ
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subjunctive
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wsḫ
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verbal adjectives
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aspect / mood
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relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms
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participles
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active
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active
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passive
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perfect
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wsḫ.n
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—
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—
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perfective
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wsḫ
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wsḫ
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wsḫ, wsḫw5, wsḫy5
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imperfective
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wsḫ, wsḫy, wsḫw5
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wsḫ, wsḫj6, wsḫy6
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wsḫ, wsḫw5
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prospective
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wsḫ, wsḫtj7
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wsḫtj4, wsḫt4
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- Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
- Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
- Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
- Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
- Only in the masculine singular.
- Only in the masculine.
- Only in the feminine.
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Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wsḫ
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wsḫ
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wsḫ
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wsḫ
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wsḫ
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wsḫ
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[Middle Kingdom]
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[Middle Kingdom]
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[since the Middle Kingdom]
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[since the Middle Kingdom]
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[Greco-Roman Period]
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abbreviation
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abbreviation
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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Adjective
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- perfective active participle of wsḫ; broad, wide
- imperfective active participle of wsḫ; broad, wide
Inflection
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Declension of wsḫ (perfective active participle)
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masculine
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feminine
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singular
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wsḫ
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wsḫt
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dual
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wsḫwj
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wsḫtj
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plural
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wsḫw
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wsḫwt1, wsḫt2
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- Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
- From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.
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Declension of wsḫ (imperfective active participle)
Alternative forms
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See under the verb above.
m
- breadth, width
Inflection
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Declension of wsḫ (masculine)
Alternative forms
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See under the verb above.
m
- broad collar or necklace [since the Middle Kingdom]
Inflection
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Declension of wsḫ (masculine)
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wsḫ
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wsḫ
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wsḫ
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wsḫ
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wsḫ
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abbreviation
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abbreviation
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Etymology 2
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m
- barge
Inflection
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Declension of wsḫ (masculine)
Alternative forms
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Alternative hieroglyphic writings of wsḫ
References
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- “wsḫ (lemma ID 49800)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[1], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
- “wsḫ (lemma ID 49820)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[2], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
- “wsḫ (lemma ID 49840)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae[3], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
- Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache[4], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 364.11–365.12, 365.16–366.2
- Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 69
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 83, 125, 135.
- Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 112
- ^ Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 35
- ^ Alternatively, taking as imperative (j)m: ‘…the place of the calm man is broad. Don’t speak!’ The first clause can also be interpreted in two different ways. If represents the preposition n, then ‘The tent is open to the quiet man’; but if it represents the genitival adjective n(j), then ‘The tent of the quiet man is open’. The first interpretation is more appealing semantically, but the second is favored by parallelism with the following clause.