قوم

See also: ق و م

Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Root
ق و م (q-w-m)

Compare قَامَ (qāma, “to rise”).

Verb edit

قَوَّمَ • (qawwama) II, non-past يُقَوِّمُ‎ (yuqawwimu)

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of

قَوَّمَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَقْوِيم taqwīm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُقَوِّم muqawwim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُقَوَّم muqawwam
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قَوَّمْتُ qawwamtu	قَوَّمْتَ qawwamta	قَوَّمَ qawwama	قَوَّمْتُمَا qawwamtumā	قَوَّمَا qawwamā	قَوَّمْنَا qawwamnā	قَوَّمْتُمْ qawwamtum	قَوَّمُوا qawwamū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	قَوَّمْتُ qawwamtu	قَوَّمْتِ qawwamti	قَوَّمَتْ qawwamat	قَوَّمْتُمَا qawwamtumā	قَوَّمَتَا qawwamatā	قَوَّمْنَا qawwamnā	قَوَّمْتُنَّ qawwamtunna	قَوَّمْنَ qawwamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقَوِّمُ ʔuqawwimu	تُقَوِّمُ tuqawwimu	يُقَوِّمُ yuqawwimu	تُقَوِّمَانِ tuqawwimāni	يُقَوِّمَانِ yuqawwimāni	نُقَوِّمُ nuqawwimu	تُقَوِّمُونَ tuqawwimūna	يُقَوِّمُونَ yuqawwimūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُقَوِّمُ ʔuqawwimu	تُقَوِّمِينَ tuqawwimīna	تُقَوِّمُ tuqawwimu	تُقَوِّمَانِ tuqawwimāni	تُقَوِّمَانِ tuqawwimāni	نُقَوِّمُ nuqawwimu	تُقَوِّمْنَ tuqawwimna	يُقَوِّمْنَ yuqawwimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقَوِّمَ ʔuqawwima	تُقَوِّمَ tuqawwima	يُقَوِّمَ yuqawwima	تُقَوِّمَا tuqawwimā	يُقَوِّمَا yuqawwimā	نُقَوِّمَ nuqawwima	تُقَوِّمُوا tuqawwimū	يُقَوِّمُوا yuqawwimū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُقَوِّمَ ʔuqawwima	تُقَوِّمِي tuqawwimī	تُقَوِّمَ tuqawwima	تُقَوِّمَا tuqawwimā	تُقَوِّمَا tuqawwimā	نُقَوِّمَ nuqawwima	تُقَوِّمْنَ tuqawwimna	يُقَوِّمْنَ yuqawwimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقَوِّمْ ʔuqawwim	تُقَوِّمْ tuqawwim	يُقَوِّمْ yuqawwim	تُقَوِّمَا tuqawwimā	يُقَوِّمَا yuqawwimā	نُقَوِّمْ nuqawwim	تُقَوِّمُوا tuqawwimū	يُقَوِّمُوا yuqawwimū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُقَوِّمْ ʔuqawwim	تُقَوِّمِي tuqawwimī	تُقَوِّمْ tuqawwim	تُقَوِّمَا tuqawwimā	تُقَوِّمَا tuqawwimā	نُقَوِّمْ nuqawwim	تُقَوِّمْنَ tuqawwimna	يُقَوِّمْنَ yuqawwimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		قَوِّمْ qawwim		قَوِّمَا qawwimā			قَوِّمُوا qawwimū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		قَوِّمِي qawwimī		قَوِّمَا qawwimā			قَوِّمْنَ qawwimna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	قُوِّمْتُ quwwimtu	قُوِّمْتَ quwwimta	قُوِّمَ quwwima	قُوِّمْتُمَا quwwimtumā	قُوِّمَا quwwimā	قُوِّمْنَا quwwimnā	قُوِّمْتُمْ quwwimtum	قُوِّمُوا quwwimū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	قُوِّمْتُ quwwimtu	قُوِّمْتِ quwwimti	قُوِّمَتْ quwwimat	قُوِّمْتُمَا quwwimtumā	قُوِّمَتَا quwwimatā	قُوِّمْنَا quwwimnā	قُوِّمْتُنَّ quwwimtunna	قُوِّمْنَ quwwimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُقَوَّمُ ʔuqawwamu	تُقَوَّمُ tuqawwamu	يُقَوَّمُ yuqawwamu	تُقَوَّمَانِ tuqawwamāni	يُقَوَّمَانِ yuqawwamāni	نُقَوَّمُ nuqawwamu	تُقَوَّمُونَ tuqawwamūna	يُقَوَّمُونَ yuqawwamūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُقَوَّمُ ʔuqawwamu	تُقَوَّمِينَ tuqawwamīna	تُقَوَّمُ tuqawwamu	تُقَوَّمَانِ tuqawwamāni	تُقَوَّمَانِ tuqawwamāni	نُقَوَّمُ nuqawwamu	تُقَوَّمْنَ tuqawwamna	يُقَوَّمْنَ yuqawwamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُقَوَّمَ ʔuqawwama	تُقَوَّمَ tuqawwama	يُقَوَّمَ yuqawwama	تُقَوَّمَا tuqawwamā	يُقَوَّمَا yuqawwamā	نُقَوَّمَ nuqawwama	تُقَوَّمُوا tuqawwamū	يُقَوَّمُوا yuqawwamū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُقَوَّمَ ʔuqawwama	تُقَوَّمِي tuqawwamī	تُقَوَّمَ tuqawwama	تُقَوَّمَا tuqawwamā	تُقَوَّمَا tuqawwamā	نُقَوَّمَ nuqawwama	تُقَوَّمْنَ tuqawwamna	يُقَوَّمْنَ yuqawwamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُقَوَّمْ ʔuqawwam	تُقَوَّمْ tuqawwam	يُقَوَّمْ yuqawwam	تُقَوَّمَا tuqawwamā	يُقَوَّمَا yuqawwamā	نُقَوَّمْ nuqawwam	تُقَوَّمُوا tuqawwamū	يُقَوَّمُوا yuqawwamū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُقَوَّمْ ʔuqawwam	تُقَوَّمِي tuqawwamī	تُقَوَّمْ tuqawwam	تُقَوَّمَا tuqawwamā	تُقَوَّمَا tuqawwamā	نُقَوَّمْ nuqawwam	تُقَوَّمْنَ tuqawwamna	يُقَوَّمْنَ yuqawwamna

References edit

Mace, John (2007) “قوم”, in Arabic Verbs, New York: Hippocrene Books, Inc., →ISBN

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /qawm/

Noun edit

قَوْم • (qawm) m

verbal noun of قَامَ (qāma, “to get up”) (form I)
standing up, rising, placing upright, remaining, abiding

Declension edit

Declension of noun قَوْم (qawm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَوْم qawm	الْقَوْم al-qawm	قَوْم qawm
Nominative	قَوْمٌ qawmun	الْقَوْمُ al-qawmu	قَوْمُ qawmu
Accusative	قَوْمًا qawman	الْقَوْمَ al-qawma	قَوْمَ qawma
Genitive	قَوْمٍ qawmin	الْقَوْمِ al-qawmi	قَوْمِ qawmi

References edit

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[1], London: W.H. Allen

Noun edit

قَوْم • (qawm) m (plural أَقْوَام (ʔaqwām))

people, nation, tribe
some people, someone, a certain
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 28:21:
  فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا خَائِفًا يَتَرَقَّبُ قَالَ رَبِّ نَجِّنِي مِنَ الْقَوْمِ الظَّالِمِينَ
  faḵaraja minhā ḵāʔifan yataraqqabu qāla rabbi najjinī mina l-qawmi ẓ-ẓālimīna
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(group of) men
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 49:11:
  يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا يَسْخَرْ قَوْمٌ مِّن قَوْمٍ عَسَىٰ أَن يَكُونُوا خَيْرًا مِّنْهُمْ وَلَا نِسَاءٌ مِّن نِّسَاءٍ عَسَىٰ أَن يَكُنَّ خَيْرًا مِّنْهُنَّ
  yā ʔayyuhā allaḏīna ʔāmanū lā yasḵar qawmun mmin qawmin ʕasā ʔan yakūnū ḵayran mminhum walā nisāʔun mmin nnisāʔin ʕasā ʔan yakunna ḵayran mminhunna
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
family
sect

Declension edit

Declension of noun قَوْم (qawm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَوْم qawm	الْقَوْم al-qawm	قَوْم qawm
Nominative	قَوْمٌ qawmun	الْقَوْمُ al-qawmu	قَوْمُ qawmu
Accusative	قَوْمًا qawman	الْقَوْمَ al-qawma	قَوْمَ qawma
Genitive	قَوْمٍ qawmin	الْقَوْمِ al-qawmi	قَوْمِ qawmi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	قَوْمَيْن qawmayn	الْقَوْمَيْن al-qawmayn	قَوْمَيْ qawmay
Nominative	قَوْمَانِ qawmāni	الْقَوْمَانِ al-qawmāni	قَوْمَا qawmā
Accusative	قَوْمَيْنِ qawmayni	الْقَوْمَيْنِ al-qawmayni	قَوْمَيْ qawmay
Genitive	قَوْمَيْنِ qawmayni	الْقَوْمَيْنِ al-qawmayni	قَوْمَيْ qawmay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَقْوَام ʔaqwām	الْأَقْوَام al-ʔaqwām	أَقْوَام ʔaqwām
Nominative	أَقْوَامٌ ʔaqwāmun	الْأَقْوَامُ al-ʔaqwāmu	أَقْوَامُ ʔaqwāmu
Accusative	أَقْوَامًا ʔaqwāman	الْأَقْوَامَ al-ʔaqwāma	أَقْوَامَ ʔaqwāma
Genitive	أَقْوَامٍ ʔaqwāmin	الْأَقْوَامِ al-ʔaqwāmi	أَقْوَامِ ʔaqwāmi

Descendants edit

→ Azerbaijani: qövm, qohum
→ Persian: قوم
- Tajik: қавм (qavm)
- → Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਕੌਮ (kaum)
  Shahmukhi script: قوم (kaum)
→ Ottoman Turkish: قوم
- Turkish: kum
- → Armenian: խում (xum), ղում (ġum)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ку̏м
  Latin script: kȕm
→ Uyghur: قوۋم (qowm)

References edit

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “قوم”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[2], London: W.H. Allen

Adjective edit

قُوَّم • (quwwam)

inflection of قَائِم (qāʔim):
1. masculine plural
2. feminine plural

Azerbaijani edit

Noun edit

قۇم (qum)

Arabic spelling of qum (“sand”)

Declension edit

Declension of قوم

	singular	plural
nominative	قوم	قوملار
definite accusative	قومۇ	قوملارێ
dative	قوما	قوملارا
locative	قومدا	قوملاردا
ablative	قومدان	قوملاردان
definite genitive	قومۇن	قوملارێن

Hijazi Arabic edit

Root
ق و م
8 terms

Etymology 1 edit

From Arabic قَوَّم (qawwam).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɡawwam/

Verb edit

قوم • (gawwam) II (non-past يِقَوِّم (yimawwit), verbal noun تَقْويم (tagwīm))

to awaken
Synonym: صَحَّى (ṣaḥḥa)
to rise up
to erect

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of قوم (gawwam)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	قومت (gawwamt)	قومت (gawwamt)	قوم (gawwam)	قومنا (gawwamna)	قومتوا (gawwamtu)	قوموا (gawwamu)
past	f	قومت (gawwamt)	قومتي (gawwamti)	قومت (gawwamat)	قومنا (gawwamna)	قومتوا (gawwamtu)	قوموا (gawwamu)
non-past	m	أقوم (ʔagawwim)	تقوم (tigawwim)	يقوم (yigawwim)	نقوم (nigawwim)	تقوموا (tigawwimu)	يقوموا (yigawwimu)
non-past	f	أقوم (ʔagawwim)	تقومي (tigawwimi)	تقوم (tigawwim)	نقوم (nigawwim)	تقوموا (tigawwimu)	يقوموا (yigawwimu)
imperative	m		قوم (gawwim)			قوموا (gawwimu)
imperative	f		قومي (gawwimi)			قوموا (gawwimu)

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɡuːm/

Verb edit

قوم • (gūm)

second-person masculine singular imperative of قام (gām)

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ɡawwim/

Verb edit

قوم • (gawwim)

second-person masculine singular imperative of قَوِّم (gawwam)

Moroccan Arabic edit

Etymology 1 edit

Root
ق و م
2 terms

From Arabic قَوَّمَ (qawwama).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /qaw.wam/

Verb edit

قوم • (qawwam) II (non-past يقوم (yqawwam))

(transitive) to evaluate

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of قوم
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	قوّمت (qawwamt)	قوّمتي (qawwamti)	قوّم (qawwam)	قوّمنا (qawwamna)	قوّمتوا (qawwamtu)	قوّموا (qawwmu)
past	f	قوّمت (qawwamt)	قوّمتي (qawwamti)	قوّمت (qawwmāt)	قوّمنا (qawwamna)	قوّمتوا (qawwamtu)	قوّموا (qawwmu)
non-past	m	نقوّم (nqawwam)	تقوّم (tqawwam)	يقوّم (yqawwam)	نقوّموا (nqawwmu)	تقوّموا (tqawwmu)	يقوّموا (yqawwmu)
non-past	f	نقوّم (nqawwam)	تقوّمي (tqawwmi)	تقوّم (tqawwam)	نقوّموا (nqawwmu)	تقوّموا (tqawwmu)	يقوّموا (yqawwmu)
imperative	m		قوّم (qawwam)			قوّموا (qawwmu)
imperative	f		قوّمي (qawwmi)			قوّموا (qawwmu)

Etymology 2 edit

From Arabic قَوْم (qawm).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /qawm/, /quːm/

Noun edit

قَوْم or قُوم • (qawm or qūm) m (plural أقوام (ʔaqwām))

people, nation

Ottoman Turkish edit

قوم

Etymology edit

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *kum (“sand”); cognate with Azerbaijani qum, Bashkir ҡом (qom), Kazakh құм (qūm), Kyrgyz кум (kum), Turkmen gum, Uyghur قۇم (qum) and Uzbek qum.

Noun edit

قوم • (kum)

sand, finely ground rock which forms beaches and deserts
Synonyms: رمل (reml), ریگ (rig)
gravel, chisel, small fragments of rock
Synonym: چاقل (çakıl)
(medicine) kidney stones, a calculus in the kidney
(figuratively) anything that is as numerous as grains of sand

Derived terms edit

قوم اوتی (kum otu, “sedge”)
قوم اینجو (kum inci, “seed pearl”)
قوم بالغی (kum balığı, “skink”)
قوم ساعتی (kum saʿatı, “hourglass”)
قوم گبی قاینامق (kum gibi kaynamak, “to swarm”)
قومجی (kumcu, “sand merchant”)
قومسال (kumsal, “sandy place; sand bar”)
قوملق (kumluk, “sandy place”)
قوملو (kumlu, “sandy, arenose”)

Descendants edit

Turkish: kum
→ Armenian: խում (xum), ղում (ġum)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: ку̏м

Latin script: kȕm

Persian edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).

Pronunciation edit

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [qawm]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [qäwm]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [qäwm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [qäwm]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [qowm]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [qäwm]

Readings
Classical reading^?	qawm
Dari reading^?	qawm
Iranian reading^?	ğowm
Tajik reading^?	qavm

Noun edit


Iranian Persian	قوم
Dari	قوم
Tajik	қавм

قُوْم • (qowm) (plural اقوام (aqvâm))

people, nation, tribe
- 1048-1131, Omar Khayyám, Rubáiyát
  قومی متفکرند اندر ره دین ― qowm-i motefakker-and andar rah-e din ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  
  قومی به گمان فتاده در راه یقین ― qowm-i be-gamân fetâde dar râh-e yaqin ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  
  می‌ترسم از آنکه بانگ آید روزی ― mi-tarsam az ân-ke bâng âyad ruzi ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  
  کای بی‌خبران راه نه آنست و نه این ― key bi-xabarân! râh na ân-ast o na in ― (please add an English translation of this quotation)
ethnic group

Descendants edit

Tajik: қавм (qavm)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਕੌਮ (kaum)

Shahmukhi script: قوم (kaum)

Punjabi edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).

Noun edit

قَوم • (qaum) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਕੌਮ)

nation, people

Synonyms edit

(people): نسل (nasal)

Urdu edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic قَوْم (qawm).

Pronunciation edit

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /qɔːm/
Audio (IN) (file)

Noun edit

قَوم • (qaum) f (formal plural اقوام, Hindi spelling क़ौम)

nation
بابائے قَوم ― bābāe qaum ― father of the nation
people, community
قَومِ لُوط ― qaum-i lūt ― people of Lot
race

Synonyms edit

(people, community): سَمُدائے (samudāe), سَمْپَرْدائے (sampardāe), سَن٘گَت (saṅgat), گِروہ (giroh), سَماج (samāj), مُعاشِرَہ (mu'āśira), بَرادرِی (barādrī), اُمَّت (ummat)
(race): نسل (nasl), جاتی (jātī)

Derived terms edit

قَومی (qaumī, “national”)
قَومِیَت (qaumiyat, “nationality”)
اَقْوامِ مُتَّحِدَہ (aqvām-i muttahida, “United Nations”)
بَینَ الَاقْوامی (bainal-aqvāmī, “international”)
قَوم پَرَسْتی (qaum parastī, “nationalism”)

References edit

Platts, John T. (1884) “قوم”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
“قوم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
John Shakespear (1834) “قوم”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC

قوم

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