Wiktionary

亞

See also: 亚 and 亜
亞 U+4E9E, 亞
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E9E
← 亝
[U+4E9D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亟 →
[U+4E9F]

Translingual edit

Traditional 亞
Shinjitai 亜
Simplified 亚

Han character edit

亞 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一中中一 (MLLM), four-corner 10107, composition ⿴二⿰⿳丨一𠃑⿳𠃑一丨)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №506

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 87, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 274
  • Dae Jaweon: page 183, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 23, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4E9E

Chinese edit

trad. 亞
simp. 亚
alternative forms 亜
𠀓
𠄮
俹／𱎫
䢝

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 亞
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Oracle bone script
 

j29651

 

j29652

 

j29653

 

j29654

 

j29655

 

j29656

 

j29657

 

j29658

 

j29659

 

j29660

 

j29661

 

j29662

 

j29663

 

j29664

 

j29665

 

j29666

 

j29667

 

j29668

 

j29669

 

j29670

 

j29671

 

j29672

 

j29673

 

j29674

 

j29675

 

j29676

 

j29677

 

j29678

 

j29679

 

j29680

 

j29681

 

j29682

 

j29683

 

j29684

 

j29685

 

j29686

 

j29687

 

j29688

 

j29689

 

j29690

 

j29691

 

j29692

 

j29693

 

j29694

 

j29695

 

j29696

 

j29697

 

j29698

 

j29699

 

j29700

 

j29701

 

j29702

 

j29703

 

j29704

 

j29705

 

j29706

 

j29707

 

j29708

 

j29709

 

j29710

 

j29711

 

j29712

 

j29713

 

j29714

 

j29715

 

j29716

 

j29717

 

j29718

 

j29719

 

j29720

 

j29721

 

j29722

 

j29723

 

j29724

 

j29725

 

j29726

 

j29727

 

j29728

 

j29729

 

j29730

 

j29731

Bronze inscriptions
 

b19832

 

b19833

 

b19834

 

b19835

 

b19836

 

b19837

 

b19838

 

b19839

 

b19840

 

b19841

 

b19842

 

b19843

 

b19844

 

b19845

 

b19846

 

b19847

 

b19848

 

b19849

 

b19850

 

b19851

 

b19852

 

b19853

 

b19854

Small seal script
 

s10917

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L36894

 

L23820

 

L23821

 

L23822

 

L23823

 

L23824

 

L23825

 

L23826

 

L23827

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (亞) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
椏 *qaːʔ, *qraː
錏 *qraː
鵶 *qraː
啞 *qraːʔ, *qraːɡs, *qraːɡ, *qraːɡ
瘂 *qraːʔ
亞 *qraːɡs
婭 *qraːɡs
俹 *qraːɡs
稏 *qraːɡs
惡 *qaː, *qaːɡs, *qaːɡ
噁 *qaːɡs
堊 *qaːɡ
蝁 *qaːɡ

Pictogram (象形) : an overhead view of a construction, likely a 亞-shaped tomb.

Etymology 1 edit

Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔrak (“inferior; dependent”), whence Tibetan རག (rag, “to depend on; subject; subservient; dependent”) (Bodman, 1980; Coblin, 1986).

Karlgren (1957) connects it to 惡 (OC *qaːɡ, “evil”), but Schuessler (2007) considers this to be unlikely due to the semantics.

The shangsheng pronunciation in Mandarin (yǎ) is a result of influence from the pronunciation of 啞／哑 (yǎ), whose written form contains 亞 as a component (Fu, 1958).

Pronunciation edit

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • a, ah - vernacular;
  • à - literary.
Rime
Character 亞
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 麻 (98)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 衣嫁切
Baxter 'aeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠaH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚaH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔaH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔaɨH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔaH/
Wang
Li 		/aH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔaH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yà
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		aa3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 亞
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yà
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔæH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔˁrak-s/
English secondary

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 亞
Reading # 1/1
No. 14212
Phonetic
component 		亞
Rime
group 		暮
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		亞
Old
Chinese 		/*qraːɡs/

Definitions edit

亞

  1. † a house (four walls & windows, seen from above)
  2. second; inferior
    亞軍／亚军  ―  yàjūn  ―  second place
    不亞於／不亚于  ―  bù yàyú  ―  not inferior to
  3. † Alternative form of 婭／娅
  4. a surname

Etymology 2 edit

Pronunciation edit

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions edit

亞

  1. (～洲) Short for 亞細亞／亚细亚 (Yàxìyà, “Asia”).

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (亞):
  • → Japanese: 亜(あ) (a)
  • → Korean: 아(亞) (a)
  • → Vietnamese: Á (亞)

Etymology 3 edit

Pronunciation edit

Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.

Definitions edit

亞

  1. (chiefly dialectal) Alternative form of 阿 (“kinship prefix”)

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Shinjitai

亜

Kyūjitai

亞

Kanji edit

亞

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 亜)

  1. rank
  2. follow
  3. sub- prefix

Readings edit

Definitions edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 亞 – see the following entry.
【亜】S
[kanji] Hyōgaiji kanji
[kanji] rank
[kanji] follow
[kanji] sub- prefix
[kanji] Used in transliteration of place names.
Kanji reading:
え, あく, よう, あ, おう, つぐ, つぎ, [[<! つぐる#Japanese|<! つぐる]], [[> みつる#Japanese|> みつる]]
(This term, 亞, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Usage notes edit

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 亞 (MC 'aeH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation edit

  • (phonetic element in transliterations):
  • (second; sub-; ranking next; etc.):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [a̠(ː)]
    • Phonetic hangul: [아(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

亞 (eumhun 버금 아 (beogeum a))

  1. Hanja form? of 아 (“second; sub-”).
  2. Hanja form? of 아 (“ranking next; coming after”).
  3. Hanja form? of 아 (“Asia (abbreviation)”).
  4. Hanja form? of 아 (“used as a prefix to names”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

Proper noun edit

Hanja in this term
亞

亞 • (A) (hangeul 아)

  1. (in headlines) Short for 亞細亞아세아 (Asea, “Asia”).

Usage notes edit

A common convention in news headlines, this is almost always written solely in the Hanja form, even in contemporary Korean text otherwise devoid of any Hanja.

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

亞: Hán Nôm readings: á, a

  1. Asia
  2. Asiatic

References edit

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