good | friendship, acquaintance | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (善知識) | 善 | 知識 | |
simp. (善知识) | 善 | 知识 |
Calque of Sanskrit कल्याणमित्र (kalyāṇamitra) or calque of Pali kalyāṇa mittatā.
Rime | |||
---|---|---|---|
Character | 善 | 知 | 識 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 2/2 |
Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 知 (9) | 書 (26) |
Final (韻) | 仙 (77) | 支 (11) | 職 (134) |
Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
Division (等) | III | III | III |
Fanqie | 常演切 | 陟移切 | 賞職切 |
Baxter | dzyenX | trje | syik |
Reconstructions | |||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/d͡ʑiᴇnX/ | /ʈiᴇ/ | /ɕɨk̚/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/d͡ʑiɛnX/ | /ʈiɛ/ | /ɕɨk̚/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/d͡ʑjænX/ | /ȶjɛ/ | /ɕiek̚/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/d͡ʑianX/ | /ʈiə̆/ | /ɕik̚/ |
Li Rong |
/ʑiɛnX/ | /ȶie/ | /ɕiək̚/ |
Wang Li |
/ʑĭɛnX/ | /ȶǐe/ | /ɕĭək̚/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/ʑi̯ɛnX/ | /ȶie̯/ | /ɕi̯ək̚/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
shàn | zhī | shi |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
sin6 | zi1 | sik1 |
善知識