天馬

Chinese

		day; sky; heaven	horse; surname
trad. (天馬)		天	馬
simp. (天马)		天	马

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tiānmǎ

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄚˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tin¹ maa⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tiānmǎ
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄇㄚˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tianmǎ
    • Wade–Giles: tʻien¹-ma³
    • Yale: tyān-mǎ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianmaa
    • Palladius: тяньма (tjanʹma)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tin¹ maa⁵
    • Yale: tīn máh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tin¹ maa⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: tin¹ ma⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiːn⁵⁵ maː¹³/

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• Middle Chinese: then maeX

Rime
Character	天	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	麻 (98)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	II
Fanqie	他前切	莫下切
Baxter	then	maeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰen/	/mˠaX/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰen/	/mᵚaX/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɛn/	/maX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɛn/	/maɨX/
Li Rong	/tʰen/	/maX/
Wang Li	/tʰien/	/maX/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰien/	/maX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tiān	mǎ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tin1	maa5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n]  mˤraʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰl'iːn  mraːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	天	天	馬
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tiān	xiān	mǎ
Middle Chinese	‹ then ›	‹ xen ›	‹ mæX ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥ˁi[n]/	/*l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-)	/*mˁraʔ/
English	heaven	heaven	horse
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	天	馬
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12387	8715
Phonetic component	天	馬
Rime group	眞	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	天	馬
Old Chinese	/*qʰl'iːn/	/*mraːʔ/

Noun

天馬

1. (literary, laudatory) fine horse
2. (literary, Chinese mythology) mythical horse ridden by the Celestial Emperor
3. (literary, Chinese mythology) white dog-like beast with a black head, which flies when it sees people
4. (literary, Chinese astronomy) a star in the Legs mansion
5. (literary) praying mantis
6. (literary, Greek mythology) Pegasus

Synonyms

(mantis):

Dialectal synonyms of 螳螂 (“praying mantis”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		螳蜋, 螳蠰, 蟷蜋, 蟷蠰, 䖨蜋, 莫貈, 蛑, 髦, 不過, 虰, 蝆蝆, 天馬, 齕疣, 食疣, 蚚父, 拒斧, 蜛蚥, 馬敫, 勇蟲
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		螳螂
Taxonomic name		螳螂
Mandarin	Beijing	刀螂
	Taiwan	螳螂
	Tianjin	刀螂
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	刀螂
	Harbin	刀螂
	Yantai (Muping)	刀龍
	Qingdao	刀螂
	Jinan	刀螂
	Luoyang	螳螂
	Wanrong	鋤田老漢
	Zhengzhou	砍刀
	Xi'an	猴子
	Xining	螳螂
	Ürümqi	猴子
	Wuhan	修子, 蔥擔婆
	Chengdu	螳螂, 猴子, 孫猴子
	Guiyang	螳螂
	Guilin	螳螂
	Liuzhou	馬螂䗧
	Xuzhou	砍頭螂
	Yangzhou	刀螂子
	Nanjing	螳螂
	Hefei	刀螂
	Singapore	螳螂
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	猴子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	馬螂狂
	Hong Kong	螳螂, 馬螂狂 dated
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	斬柴郎
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	羊貓哥
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	斬刀娘
	Taishan	鉸剪霎
	Kaiping (Chikan)	馬交螂
	Dongguan	螳螂
	Yunfu	馬螂狂
	Yangjiang	馬騮狂
	Nanning	馬螂狂
	Wuzhou	馬螂狂
	Yulin	馬螂狂
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	馬螂狂
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	螳螂
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	馬螂狂
Gan	Nanchang	螳螂
	Lichuan	螳螂
	Pingxiang	猴子
	Liuyang	禾猴哩
Hakka	Meixian	螳螂仔, 螳螂
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	老虎阿哥
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	老虎哥
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	豹虎哥
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	禾擔竿, 擔竿板, 生鹵刀嫲
	Wuhua (Changbu)	豹虎哥
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	豹虎哥
	Yudu	碓雞公, 猴子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	草馬仔, 挨礱披波, 老虎哥
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	竹篙鬼, 調羹仔, 㧡擔竿, 㧡水擔竿, 五爪鬼, 草馬仔, 挨礱披波
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	老虎哥, 挨礱披波, 草馬仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	草馬, 挨礱噓呼
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	挨礱披波, 草馬仔, 草馬, 老虎哥
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	草猴
	Hong Kong	豹虎哥
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	馬猴螳
	Senai (Huiyang)	螳螂, 斬刀羊 dated
Huizhou	Jixi	滾龍狂
Jin	Taiyuan	扁擔婆, 吃猴蟲
	Pingyao	扁擔, 吃猴蟲兒
	Xinzhou	掐猴猴蟲, 槌敲
	Taibus (Baochang)	簸簸箕
	Linhe	簸簸箕
	Hohhot	螳螂, 扁擔
Northern Min	Jian'ou	蘆螞
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	草蜢哥
	Fuqing	慘蜢
Southern Min	Xiamen	草猴, 草衝
	Quanzhou	芒螳
	Zhangzhou	虎魯舅
	Pinghe	老虎舅
	Taipei	草猴
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	草猴
	Kaohsiung	草猴
	Yilan	草猴
	Changhua (Lukang)	螳螂
	Taichung	草猴
	Tainan	草猴
	Hsinchu	草猴, 鐵頭
	Kinmen	國舅, 樹貓
	Penghu (Magong)	草猴
	Singapore (Hokkien)	草猴, 草衝, 樹貓
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	灶雞
	Chaozhou	草猴
	Shantou	草猴
	Shantou (Chenghai)	草猴
	Jieyang	草猴
	Haifeng	苦舅
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	杜猴
	Singapore (Teochew)	草猴
	Pontianak (Teochew)	草猴
	Wenchang	擔油公, 日頭翼
	Haikou	擔油公
Puxian Min	Putian	草猴
	Xianyou	草猴
Central Min	Yong'an	螳螂
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	馬喵螂
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	馬螂䗧
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	虎頭劈
Wu	Shanghai	螳螂
	Shanghai (Chongming)	螳螂
	Suzhou	螳螂
	Danyang	蚱螂
	Hangzhou	螳螂
	Wenzhou	頭毛公公, 頭毛娘, 頭毛虎, 頭毛吊, 打刀娘, 剪裾娘, 紫金娘
Xiang	Changsha	禾老蟲
	Xiangtan	禾老虎
	Loudi	禾老蟲
	Shuangfeng	禾老蟲
	Quanzhou	螳螂

Proper noun

天馬

1. (～街道) Tianma (a subdistrict of Changshan, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China)

Derived terms

• 天馬座／天马座
• 天馬行空／天马行空 (tiānmǎxíngkōng)

 

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
天	馬
てん Grade: 1	ま Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Chinese 天馬／天马 (tiānmǎ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [tẽ̞mːa̠]

Noun

天(てん)馬(ま) • (tenma) 

1. (Japanese mythology, fiction) Heavenly steed

Proper noun

天(てん)馬(ま) • (Tenma) 

1. a surname

Descendants

• English: Tenma

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
天	馬
ペガサス
Grade: 1	Grade: 2
irregular

天 (“sky”) +‎ 馬 (“horse”). From Ancient Greek Πήγασος (Pḗgasos), and associated with the term sky horse.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pe̞ɡa̠sa̠sɨᵝ]

Noun

天馬(ペガサス) • (pegasasu) 

1. (mythology, fiction) pegasus, a winged horse

Proper noun

天馬(ペガサス) • (Pegasasu) 

1. (Greek mythology) The Pegasus winged horse

Korean

Hanja in this term
天	馬

Proper noun

天馬 • (Cheonma) (hangeul 천마)

1. Hanja form^? of 천마.

Vietnamese

Han character

天馬

1. chữ Hán form of thiên mã.
2. chữ Hán form of Thiên Mã.