下
Translingual
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Phonosemantic interpretation
Old Chinese Initial /*-k/ lends semantic value Frame. Oracle bone script style is an ideogram showing one line below another, suggesting the idea of under. Source: Howell & Morimoto
Etymology
下 in its shell and bone form is an ideogram (指事) that shows the concept of down by showing one line below another (contrast 上). The shell and bone form evolved into 下, the character used today. (See earlier forms here.)
Han character
下 (radical 1 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一卜 (MY), four-corner 10230)
Antonyms
See also
- 氐 (also means “down” in some uses)
References
- KangXi: page 76, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14
- Dae Jaweon: page 147, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 7, character 1
- Unihan data for U+4E0B
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Goon: げ (ge)
- Kan’on: か (ka)
- Kun: した (shita), しも (shimo), もと (moto), さがる (下がる, sagaru), さげる (下げる, sageru), くだる (下る, kudaru), くだす (下す, kudasu), くださる (下さる, kudasaru), おりる (下りる, oriru), おろす (下ろす, orosu)
Compounds
- 下限 (かげん, kagen)
- 下弦 (かげん, kagen)
- 下降 (かこう, kakou)
- 下剋上 (げこくじょう, gekokujō)
- 下車 (げしゃ, gesha)
- 下種、下衆、下司 (げす, gesu)
- 下駄 (げた, geta)
- 下痢 (げり, geri)
- 下着 (したぎ, shitagi)
- 上下巻
- 上中下巻
- 下関 (しものせき, shimonoseki)
- 靴下 (くつした, kutsushita)
Noun
- the below
Noun
- lower portion, end
Noun
- lower portion; base
- under the influence of
Suffix
- under a situation
Noun
Korean
Hanja
下
Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 하 (revised: ha, McCune-Reischauer: ha)
- Name (hangeul): 아래 (revised: alae, McCune-Reischauer: arae)
References
Mandarin
| simpl. and trad. | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 下 | |||
Pronunciation
-
audio (file)
Hanzi
下 (pinyin xià (xià), Wade-Giles hsia4)
Verb
下 (traditional and simplified, Pinyin xià)
- to go down
- to get out of
- 下床 (xiàchuáng)
- to get out of bed
- 下床 (xiàchuáng)
- to fall down
- to issue
- 下令 (xiàlìng)
- to issue an order
- 下令 (xiàlìng)
- to put in
- 下面條, 下面条 (xiàmiàntiáo)
- to put noodles into boiling water
- 下面條, 下面条 (xiàmiàntiáo)
- to give
- to begin
- 下筆, 下笔 (xiàbǐ)
- to start writing
- 下筆, 下笔 (xiàbǐ)
- to finish
- to give birth (as an animal)
- 下豬仔, 下猪仔 (xiàzhūzǎi)
- to have piglets
- 下豬仔, 下猪仔 (xiàzhūzǎi)
- to lay
- 下蛋 (xiàdàn)
- to lay eggs
- 下蛋 (xiàdàn)
- used after a verb to express height
- used after a verb to express space
- used after a verb to express the separation of an object
- used after a verb to express the end of an action
Adjective
下 (traditional and simplified, Pinyin xià)
- low
- 下層, 下层 (xiàcéng)
- lower level
- 下層, 下层 (xiàcéng)
- inferior
- 下品 (xiàpǐn)
- inferior products
- 下品 (xiàpǐn)
- next
- 下次 (xiàcì)
- next time
- 下次 (xiàcì)
Preposition
下 (traditional and simplified, Pinyin xià)
- under
- 樹下, 树下 (shùxià)
- under the tree
- 在些個條件下, 在这些条件下 (zài zhèxiē tiáojiàn xià)
- under these conditions
- 樹下, 树下 (shùxià)
- down
- 樓下, 楼下 (lóuxià)
- downstairs
- 樓下, 楼下 (lóuxià)
- with
- 在朋友的幫助下, 在朋友的帮助下 (zài péngyou de bāngzhù xià)
- with help from friends
- 在朋友的幫助下, 在朋友的帮助下 (zài péngyou de bāngzhù xià)
Measure word
下 (traditional and simplified, Pinyin xià)
- used when counting time
Compounds
Compounds
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