札

See also: 箚

札 U+672D, 札 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672D ← 本 [U+672C] CJK Unified Ideographs 朮 → [U+672E]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

札 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 木山 (DU), four-corner 4291₀, composition ⿰木乚)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 509, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14422
• Dae Jaweon: page 893, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1153, character 1
• Unihan data for U+672D

Chinese

simp. and trad.		札

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 札
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (乙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
劜	*qreːd
札	*sqriːd
扎	*sqriːd
蚻	*ʔsriːd
紮	*ʔsriːd
軋	*qriːd
圠	*qriːd
穵	*qriːd, *qʷriːd
挖	*qʷriːd
鳦	*qriːd, *qrid
耴	*ŋrid, *teb
乙	*qriɡ
肊	*qrɯɡ

Etymology

“to die prematurely; pestilence; to die from pestilence”

The commentary to the Rites of Zhou by Zheng Xuan says that it is the word for “to die” in the ancient Yue (越) language, so it is possibly from Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kc(ə)t (“to die”) (whence Proto-Vietic *k-ceːt > Vietnamese chết) (Norman and Mei, 1976; Schuessler, 2007).

Sagart (2008) doubts this etymology, pointing out that this word has been attested in classical texts that are not necessarily connected to Yue or the South. He instead proposes that this word may be a Chinese loan in Yue or the regular word for “to die” in the variety of Chinese spoken in the Yue region.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhá (zha²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaat³
• Eastern Min (BUC): cák
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zab⁴ / zag⁴

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷tsaq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhá
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhá
    • Wade–Giles: cha²
    • Yale: já
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jar
    • Palladius: чжа (čža)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂä³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zaat³
    • Yale: jaat
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaat⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: zad³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːt̚³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cák
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chat
    • Tâi-lô: tsat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sat̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sat̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sat̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zab⁴ / zag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsap / tsak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sap̚²/, /t͡sak̚²/

Note: zag4 - Shantou, Chenghai.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁷tsaq
    • MiniDict: tsah^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tsaq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡saʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: tsreat

Rime
Character	札
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	莊 (18)
Final (韻)	山 (75)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	側八切
Baxter	tsreat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃˠɛt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂᵚæt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂəɨt̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃɛt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃæt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂat̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zha
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaat3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-qˤrət/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sqriːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	札
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhá
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrɛt ›
Old Chinese	/*s-qˁrət/
English	strip (n.), tablet
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	札
Reading #	1/1
No.	14910
Phonetic component	乙
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	札
Old Chinese	/*sqriːd/

Definitions

札

1. letter; note

   • 客從遠方來，遺我一書札。 [MSC, trad.]
     客从远方来，遗我一书札。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 〈古詩十九首之第十七首．孟冬寒氣至〉"Nineteen Old Poems' No. 17: Early Winter Month's Cold Air is Come" in 《文選 (wénxuǎn)》 Selections of Refined Literature.

     Kè cóng yuǎnfāng lái, yí wǒ yī shūzhá. [Pinyin]

     A visitor from afar came and left me a letter.

2. correspondence
3. ^† to die prematurely
4. ^† pestilence
5. ^† to die from pestilence
6. ^† small wooden strip for writing

Compounds

• 信札 (xìnzhá)
• 僑札／侨札
• 刀札
• 大札 (dàzhá)
• 夭札
• 季札掛劍／季札挂剑
• 寸札
• 御札 (yùzhá)
• 手札 (shǒuzhá)
• 抄札
• 書札／书札 (shūzhá)
• 木札
• 札付
• 札子
• 札幌 (Zháhuǎng)
• 札手舞腳／札手舞脚
• 札抹
• 札札
• 札板兒／札板儿
• 札的
• 札記／札记 (zhájì)
• 札賚諾爾／札赉诺尔
• 波札那 (Bōzhánà)
• 玉札
• 硬札
• 神札
• 筆札／笔札 (bǐzhá)
• 箋札／笺札
• 簡札／简札
• 緘札／缄札
• 翰札
• 芳札
• 謅札／诌札
• 馬札／马札
• 馬札子／马札子
• 麻札
• 點札／点札

 

Japanese

Kanji

札

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. bill
2. card

Readings

• Go-on: せち (sechi)
• Kan-on: さつ (satsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: ふだ (fuda, 札, Jōyō); ふみた (fumita, 札); ふんだ (funda, 札); さね (sane, 札)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
札
さつ Grade: 4
on’yomi

/satu/ → /sat͡su/

From Middle Chinese 札 (MC tsreat).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さ​つ [sáꜜtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [sa̠t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

札(さつ) • (satsu) 

1. paper money, a bill, a (bank) note

Synonyms

• 紙(し)幣(へい) (shihei)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
札
ふだ Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
簡

/pumi ita/ → /ɸumita/ → /ɸunda/ → /ɸuda/

Originally a compound of 文(ふみ) (fumi, “writing”) + 板(いた) (ita, “board, plank”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ふだ [fùdá] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝda̠]

Noun

札(ふだ) or 札(ふみだ) or 札(ふんだ) • (fuda or fumida or funda) 

1. a card, a plate, a tag
2. playing card

   一組(ひとくみ)の札(ふだ)

   hitokumi no fuda

   a deck of cards

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 花(はな)札(ふだ) (hanafuda, “hanafuda”)
• 御(お)札(ふだ) (ofuda)
• 切(き)り札(ふだ) (kirifuda)
• 引(ひ)き札(ふだ) (hikifuda)

Korean

Hanja

札 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al, Yale chal)

1. letter

Compounds

• 鄕札 (향찰, hyangchal)

Vietnamese

Han character

札: Hán Nôm readings: trát, trớt

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