災難

See also: 灾难

Chinese

		disaster; calamity	disaster; distress; to scold disaster; distress; to scold; difficult (to...); problem; difficulty; difficult; not good
trad. (災難)		災	難
simp. (灾难)		灾	难

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zāinàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞ ㄋㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi¹ naan⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): châi-nan
• Jin (Wiktionary): zai¹ nan³
• Northern Min (KCR): cuói-nūing
• Eastern Min (BUC): căi-nâng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chai-lān

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zai¹ lang⁷

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zāinàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄞ ㄋㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zainàn
    • Wade–Giles: tsai¹-nan⁴
    • Yale: dzāi-nàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzainann
    • Palladius: цзайнань (czajnanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵ nän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zoi¹ naan⁶
    • Yale: jōi naahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi¹ naan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: zoi¹ nan⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɔːi̯⁵⁵ naːn²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châi-nan
    • Hakka Romanization System: zai´ nan
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zai¹ nan⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯²⁴⁻¹¹ nan⁵⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: zai¹ nan³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sai¹¹ næ̃⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cuói-nūing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suɛ⁵⁴ nuiŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: căi-nâng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai⁵⁵⁻⁵³ nˡɑŋ²⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai-lān
    • Tâi-lô: tsai-lān
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zailan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² lan²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai³³ lan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² lan²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻³³ lan³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻³³ lan³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: zai¹ lang⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai lāng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³⁻²³ laŋ¹¹/

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• Middle Chinese: tsoj nanH

Rime
Character	災	難
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	祖才切	奴案切
Baxter	tsoj	nanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʌi/	/nɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡səi/	/nɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sɒi/	/nɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡səj/	/nanH/
Li Rong	/t͡sᴀi/	/nɑnH/
Wang Li	/t͡sɒi/	/nɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡sɑ̆i/	/nɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zāi	nàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zoi1	naan6

Noun

災難

1. disaster; calamity; catastrophe (Classifier: 場／场; 次)

   • 災難延於宗子，權柄隆於朝廷。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     灾难延于宗子，权柄隆于朝廷。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: 648 CE, Fang Xuanling (lead editor), Book of Jin

     Zāinàn yán yú zōngzǐ, quánbǐng lóng yú cháotíng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• 亂兒／乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
• 人禍／人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
• 劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
• 劫煞 (Hokkien)
• 劫難／劫难 (jiénàn)
• 厄 (literary, or in compounds)
• 大禍／大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
• 大難／大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
• 天災／天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
• 央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
• 奇禍／奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)
• 巨禍／巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
• 患 (huàn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 慘事／惨事 (cǎnshì)
• 慘劇／惨剧 (cǎnjù)
• 慘禍／惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
• 沙𧐔 (Teochew)
• 浩劫 (hàojié)
• 災／灾 (zāi) (literary, or in compounds)
• 災劫／灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
• 災厄／灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
• 災害／灾害 (zāihài)
• 災殃／灾殃 (zāiyāng)
• 災禍／灾祸 (zāihuò)
• 災變／灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
• 癰疽／痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
• 眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
• 禍／祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
• 禍事／祸事 (huòshì)
• 禍害／祸害 (huòhài)
• 禍息／祸息 (ho⁵ si⁶) (Xiang)
• 禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
• 禍殃／祸殃 (huòyāng)

 

Derived terms

• 月亮有災難／月亮有灾难
• 災難性／灾难性 (zāinànxìng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (災難):

• → Japanese: 災難(さいなん) (sainan)
• → Korean: 재난(災難) (jaenan)
• → Vietnamese: tai nạn (災難)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
災	難
さい Grade: 5	なん Grade: 6
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
災難 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) さいな​ん [sàínáꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [sa̠inã̠ɴ]

Noun

災(さい)難(なん) • (sainan) 

1. disaster

   災難(さいなん)に遭(あ)う

   sainan ni au

   to meet with disaster

   災難(さいなん)を免(まぬか)れる

   sainan o manukareru

   to escape disaster

   • 2015 September 14, Kaori Shoji, “When disaster strikes in Japan, keep calm and carry a diaper”, in The Japan Times‎^[1], retrieved 2023-04-11:

     On a smaller scale, there’s the roster of small catastrophes called sainan (災難); these include everything from mushisasare (虫さされ, mosquito bites) and hage (ハゲ, losing your hair) to wakare (別れ, break-ups), rikon (離婚, divorce) and other relationship troubles.

Korean

Hanja in this term
災	難

Noun

災難 • (jaenan) (hangeul 재난)

1. Hanja form^? of 재난 (“disaster”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
災	難

Noun

災難

1. chữ Hán form of tai nạn (“accident”).