物化

Chinese

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wùhuà

  (Zhuyin): ㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mat⁶ faa³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wùhuà
    • Zhuyin: ㄨˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wùhuà
    • Wade–Giles: wu⁴-hua⁴
    • Yale: wù-hwà
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuhhuah
    • Palladius: ухуа (uxua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mat⁶ faa³
    • Yale: maht fa
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mat⁹ faa³
    • Guangdong Romanization: med⁶ fa³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐt̚² faː³³/

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• Middle Chinese: mjut xwaeH

Rime
Character	物	化
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	物 (60)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	III	II
Fanqie	文弗切	呼霸切
Baxter	mjut	xwaeH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨut̚/	/hˠuaH/
Pan Wuyun	/miut̚/	/hʷᵚaH/
Shao Rongfen	/miuət̚/	/xuaH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mut̚/	/hwaɨH/
Li Rong	/miuət̚/	/xuaH/
Wang Li	/mĭuət̚/	/xwaH/
Bernard Karlgren	/mi̯uət̚/	/xwaH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wù	huà
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mat6	faa3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.mut  qʷʰˤ<r>aj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯd  hŋʷraːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	物	化
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wù	huà
Middle Chinese	‹ mjut ›	‹ xwæH ›
Old Chinese	/*C.mut/	/*qʷʰˁ<r>aj-s/
English	thing	transform
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	物	化
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13218	5327
Phonetic component	勿	化
Rime group	物	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	物	化
Old Chinese	/*mɯd/	/*hŋʷraːls/

Etymology 1

		thing; object; matter	to change
trad. (物化)		物	化
simp. #(物化)		物	化

Verb

物化

1. (literary, figurative, euphemistic) to pass away

Synonyms

• 下世 (xiàshì) (formal)
• 上天 (shàngtiān) (euphemistic)
• 上路 (shànglù) (euphemistic)
• 不在 (bùzài) (euphemistic)
• 不幸 (bùxìng) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
• 不祿／不禄 (bùlù) (archaic, euphemistic, of military officers)
• 亡
• 亡故 (wánggù) (literary)
• 仙逝 (xiānshì) (euphemistic)
• 仙遊／仙游 (xiānyóu) (euphemistic)
• 作古 (zuògǔ) (literary, euphemistic)
• 做鬼 (zuòguǐ) (colloquial)
• 傾世／倾世 (qīngshì) (literary)
• 傾亡／倾亡 (qīngwáng) (literary)
• 入寂 (rùjì) (Buddhism, of Buddhist monks)
• 凋謝／凋谢 (diāoxiè) (to die of old age)
• 化去 (huàqù) (euphemistic)
• 升天 (shēngtiān) (euphemistic)
• 即世 (jíshì) (literary)
• 去世 (qùshì)
• 合眼 (héyǎn) (euphemistic)
• 喪亡／丧亡 (sàngwáng) (literary)
• 喪命／丧命 (sàngmìng) (euphemistic)
• 喪生／丧生 (sàngshēng) (euphemistic)
• 嗚呼／呜呼 (wūhū) (euphemistic)
• 嗝屁 (gěpì) (Mandarin, vulgar, derogatory)
• 嚥氣／咽气 (yànqì) (colloquial)
• 回老家 (huí lǎojiā) (euphemistic, humorous)
• 圓寂／圆寂 (yuánjì) (of Buddhist monks or nuns)
• 壽終正寢／寿终正寝 (shòuzhōngzhèngqǐn) (euphemistic)
• 安息 (ānxī) (euphemistic)
• 安眠 (ānmián) (euphemistic)
• 小喇叭兒吹了／小喇叭儿吹了 (xiǎo lǎbār chuī le) (Beijing Mandarin)
• 就義／就义 (jiùyì) (to die a martyr)
• 崩 (bēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
• 崩殂 (bēngcú) (Classical, of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
• 彈老三／弹老三 (Northern Wu, informal, humorous)
• 往生 (wǎngshēng) (euphemistic)
• 忽然 (hūrán) (Classical Chinese, euphemistic)
• 掛／挂 (guà) (slang, humorous)
• 故 (gù)
• 故世 (gùshì) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
• 故去 (gùqù) (euphemistic, chiefly of one's elders)
• 斃命／毙命 (bìmìng) (pejorative)
• 早死 (zǎosǐ)
• 晏駕／晏驾 (yànjià) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
• 枯死 (kūsǐ) (literary, figurative)
• 棄世／弃世 (qìshì) (literary)
• 歸天／归天 (guītiān) (euphemistic)
• 歸西／归西 (guīxī) (euphemistic)
• 歸道山／归道山 (guī dàoshān) (literary, euphemistic)
• 死 (sǐ)
• 死亡 (sǐwáng) (formal)
• 死人 (sǐrén)
• 死去 (sǐqù) (informal)
• 死掉 (sǐdiào) (informal)
• 死翹翹／死翘翘 (sǐqiàoqiào) (informal, humorous)
• 死脫／死脱 (⁵shi-theq) (Wu)
• 殞／殒 (yǔn) (archaic)
• 氣絕／气绝 (qìjué) (literary)
• 永眠 (yǒngmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
• 沒世／没世 (mòshì) (literary)
• 沉眠 (chénmián) (euphemistic)
• 消忒 (Hakka, euphemistic)
• 畢命／毕命 (bìmìng) (formal, euphemistic)
• 病亡 (bìngwáng) (to die of illness)
• 病故 (bìnggù) (to die of illness)
• 病死 (bìngsǐ) (to die of illness)
• 病逝 (bìngshì) (to die of illness)
• 百年歸老／百年归老 (bǎiniánguīlǎo) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
• 盡命／尽命 (jìnmìng) (literary, euphemistic)
• 終／终 (zhōng) (literary, or in compounds, euphemistic)
• 絕／绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
• 翹辮子／翘辫子 (qiào biànzi) (informal, humorous)
• 老了 (lǎo le) (euphemistic, of the elderly)
• 蒙主寵召／蒙主宠召 (méngzhǔchǒngzhào) (euphemistic)
• 薨 (hōng) (Classical Chinese, of feudal lords or high officials)
• 薨逝 (hōngshì) (of feudal lords)
• 被難／被难 (bèinàn) (to be killed in a disaster, political incident, etc.)
• 見背／见背 (jiànbèi) (literary, of one's parents or elders)
• 見閻王／见阎王 (jiàn Yánwáng) (figurative)
• 賓天／宾天 (bīntiān) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
• 走 (zǒu) (euphemistic)
• 走去踮 (Hokkien, euphemistic)
• 身亡 (shēnwáng) (formal, usually from unnatural causes)
• 辭世／辞世 (císhì) (literary)
• 逝世 (shìshì)
• 進棺材／进棺材 (jìn guāncái)
• 過世／过世 (guòshì)
• 過去／过去 (guòqù) (euphemistic)
• 過往／过往 (Hokkien, euphemistic, Teochew, euphemistic)
• 過身／过身 (guòshēn) (literary)
• 過面／过面 (Hokkien)
• 長山賣鴨卵／长山卖鸭卵 (Hakka, euphemistic)
• 長眠／长眠 (chángmián) (euphemistic, honorific)
• 閉眼／闭眼 (bìyǎn) (euphemistic)
• 隕落／陨落 (yǔnluò) (euphemistic)
• 離世／离世 (líshì) (euphemistic)
• 駕崩／驾崩 (jiàbēng) (of a king, emperor, monarch, etc.)
• 駕鶴西去／驾鹤西去 (jiàhèxīqù) (euphemistic)
• 駕鶴西遊／驾鹤西游 (jiàhèxīyóu) (euphemistic)
• 龍馭上賓／龙驭上宾 (lóngyùshàngbīn) (of an emperor)

 

Noun

物化

1. (literary) change of things
2. (literary, figurative, euphemistic) death

Etymology 2

		thing; object; matter	-ize
trad. (物化)		物	化
simp. #(物化)		物	化

Verb

物化

1. (sociology, psychology) to objectify; reify

Synonyms

• 客體化／客体化 (kètǐhuà)
• 對象化／对象化 (duìxiànghuà)

Etymology 3

		physics	chemistry
trad. (物化)		物	化
simp. #(物化)		物	化

Noun

物化

1. Short for 物理化學／物理化学 (wùlǐ huàxué, “physical chemistry”).