苦楚

Chinese

		bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful	distinct; clear; orderly distinct; clear; orderly; pain; suffering; ancient place name; surname
trad. (苦楚)		苦	楚
simp. #(苦楚)		苦	楚

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǔchǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨˇ ㄔㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fu² co²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khú-chhú
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khó͘-chhó͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǔchǔ [Phonetic: kúchǔ]
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄨˇ ㄔㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǔchǔ
    • Wade–Giles: kʻu³-chʻu³
    • Yale: kǔ-chǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kuuchuu
    • Palladius: кучу (kuču)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fu² co²
    • Yale: fú chó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fu² tso²
    • Guangdong Romanization: fu² co²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khú-chhú
    • Hakka Romanization System: ku` cu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ku³ cu³
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰu³¹ t͡sʰu³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khó͘-chhó͘
    • Tâi-lô: khóo-tshóo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qofzhor
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁴¹/

Noun

苦楚

1. suffering; pain; misery; sorrow
   • 1919, 《新舊約全書：官話和合譯本》 [Mandarin Bible, Union Version], Shanghai: American Bible Society, 哥林多後書 [2 Corinthians] 4:17:

     我們這至暫至輕的苦楚、要爲我們成就極重無比永遠的榮耀。 [MSC, trad.]
     我们这至暂至轻的苦楚、要为我们成就极重无比永远的荣耀。 [MSC, simp.]

     Wǒmen zhè zhì zàn zhì qīng de kǔchǔ, yào wèi wǒmen chéngjiù jí zhòng wúbǐ yǒngyuǎn de róngyào. [Pinyin]

     For our light affliction, which is for the moment, worketh for us more and more exceedingly an eternal weight of glory (English Revised Version)

   • 1977, “前程錦繡”, 盧國沾 [Jimmy Lo] (lyrics), 小椋佳 [Kei Ogura] (music), performed by 羅文 [Roman Tam]:

     小小苦楚等於激勵　等於苦海翻細浪 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
     小小苦楚等于激励　等于苦海翻细浪 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]

     siu² siu² fu² co² dang² jyu¹ gik¹ lai⁶, dang² jyu¹ fu² hoi² faan¹ sai³ long⁶ [Jyutping]

     A tiny bit of pain is just encouragement, is just a small wave in a sea of bitterness.

   • 2010, 江志豐 (lyrics and music), “堅持”‎^[1]performed by 翁立友:

     成功的背後　抹哉有多少苦楚 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     成功的背后　抹哉有多少苦楚 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     sêng-kong ê pōe-hiō, m̄ chai ū gōa-chōe khó͘-chhó͘ [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     The amount of pain there is behind success is not known

Synonyms

• 痛楚 (tòngchǔ)
• 痛苦 (tòngkǔ)
• 苦水 (kǔshuǐ) (figurative)
• 苦處／苦处 (kǔchù)
• 苦難／苦难 (kǔnàn)
• 隱痛／隐痛 (yǐntòng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (苦楚):

• → Japanese: 苦楚(くそ) (kuso)
• → Korean: 고초(苦楚) (gocho)