Wiktionary

這

See also: 这
這 U+9019, 這
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9019
← 逘
[U+9018] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 通 →
[U+901A]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character edit

這 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜卜一口 (YYMR), four-corner 30306, composition ⿺辶言)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1258, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38889
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1743, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3844, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+9019

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (言) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
唁 *ŋrans
這 *ŋrans
言 *ŋan
琂 *ŋan
圁 *ŋrɯn
誾 *ŋrɯn
訔 *ŋrɯn
狺 *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋrans) : semantic 辶 (“walk”) + phonetic 言 (OC *ŋan).

The character was originally a verb meaning “to meet”, whose modern pronunciation is yàn. It was later borrowed for the proximal demonstrative “this/here”, by a confusion in medieval handwriting with 遮 (zhē, “this”).

Etymology 1 edit

trad. 這
simp. 这
alternative forms
 
遮 archaic
者 archaic
只 archaic
拓 archaic
迓 (liá; yá) Hakka
遮 archaic
者 archaic
只 archaic
拓 archaic
迓 (liá; yá) Hakka
邇／迩 (liá; yá) Hakka
即 (chit) Hokkien
此 (chit) Hokkien

First attested in the Tang dynasty; etymology unclear. Proposed etymologies:

  • From 者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) (Lü, 1985). Wang (1990) notes that 者 always occurs after what is referred to, where as 這 always before.
    者 (OC *tjaːʔ, “one which”) > 者 (MC tsyaeX, “this (possessive case)”) > 者 (MC tsyaeX, “this (general demonstrative)”) > Mandarin 這／这 (zhè).
  • From 之 (OC *tjɯ, “this; it”) (Wang, 1990). Norman (1988) notes that this derivation would be phonologically problematic.

Pronunciation edit

Note: zhèi - colloquial contraction of 這一／这一 (zhèyī), used when it is followed by classifier or numeral + classifier.
Note: ze3, ze5 - rare.
Note:
  • ché, zê3 - literary;
  • liá/yá, gê3/ê3 - may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings.
Note: zei3 - determiner (contraction of 這一／这一 (zeh4 ieh4)).
Note: literary.
Note:
  • ché/chí/che - pronoun (chí usually written as 只), may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings;
  • chit - determiner (contraction of 這一／这一), may be etymologically unrelated to the Mandarin readings;
  • che/chiá - literary.

Definitions edit

這

  1. this; these
    看這本書。／看这本书。  ―  Kàn zhè běn shū.  ―  Read this book.
    這是一個老故事。 [MSC, trad.]
    这是一个老故事。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè shì yī ge lǎo gùshì. [Pinyin]
    This is an old story.
  2. Synonym of 這樣／这样 (“like this; such”)
    這可不行！／这可不行！  ―  Zhè kě bùxíng!  ―  This is not okay!
  3. at this moment; right away; at once
    我這就去。／我这就去。  ―  Wǒ zhè jiù qù.  ―  I'll go now.
  4. here
  5. Used before words for insults to add emphasis.
    你這個傻逼／你这个傻逼  ―  nǐ zhège shǎbī  ―  you fucking idiot
  6. filler particle usually used when the speaker is tongue-tied.
  7. meaningless particle in a sentence.
Synonyms edit
Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這
Mandarin Beijing 這
Taiwan 這
Tianjin 這
Chengde 這
Tangshan 這
Cangzhou 這
Baoding 這
Shijiazhuang 這
Chifeng 這
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 這
Heihe 這
Qiqihar 這
Jiamusi 這
Baicheng 這
Changchun 這
Tonghua 這
Shenyang 這
Dandong 這
Jinzhou 這
Dalian 這
Yantai 這
Qingdao 這
Lijin 這
Zhucheng 這
Jinan 這
Jining 這
Shangqiu 這
Yuanyang 這
Zhengzhou 這
Lingbao 這
Xinyang 這
Baihe 這
Hanzhong 這
Xi'an 這
Baoji 這
Yinchuan 這
Tianshui 這
Lanzhou 這
Dunhuang 這
Xining 這
Hami 這
Ürümqi 這
Wuhan 這
Yichang 這
Tianmen 這
Hong'an 這
Chengdu 這
Nanchong 這
Dazhou 這
Hanyuan 這
Xichang 這
Zigong 這
Chongqing 這
Guiyang 這
Zunyi 這
Bijie 這
Liping 這
Zhaotong 這
Dali 這
Kunming 這
Mengzi 這
Guilin 這
Liuzhou 這
Jishou 這
Changde 這
Xuzhou 這
Pizhou 這
Ganyu 這
Fuyang 這
Wuhu 這
Yangzhou 這
Baoying 這
Lianyungang 這
Donghai 這
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 這
Lianshui 這
Xuyi 這
Nanjing 這
Hefei 這
Nantong 這
Rugao 這
Yancheng 這
Funing 這
Sihong 這
Taizhou 這
Zhenjiang 這
Malaysia 這
Singapore 這
Cantonese Guangzhou 呢, 依
Hong Kong 呢, 依
Macau 呢
Taishan 該
Dongguan 呢
Yangjiang 果
Nanning 阿
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呢
Singapore (Guangfu) 呢, 依
Gan Nanchang 箇
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 箇
Anyi 箇
Lushan 箇
Duchang 箇
Wuning (Quankou) 該
Poyang 箇
Yugan 該
Wannian 該
Yanshan 這
Yichun 箇
Yifeng 箇
Gao'an 箇
Fengxin 箇
Shanggao 里
Wanzai 箇
Fengcheng 該
Xinyu 該
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 該
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 箇
Nancheng 箇
Nanfeng 箇
Yihuang 箇
Lichuan 該
Chongren 該
Pingxiang 該
Ji'an 蓋
Taihe 箇
Xiajiang 該
Yingtan (Yujiang) 箇
Guixi 箇
Jianning 個
Jinxian 箇
Jinxi 箇
Le'an 該
Guangchang 改
Suichuan 底
Wan'an 介
Jing'an 箇
Zhangshu 該
Xingan 個
Fenyi 改
Hakka Changting 爾
Ninghua 只
Qingliu 這
Yudu 底
Ningdu 底
Ruijin 底
Shicheng 底
Xunwu 底
Huichang 底
Xingguo 界
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這
Hong Kong 這
Huizhou Jixi 爾
Shexian 這
Wuyuan 伊
Jin Taiyuan 這
Yangyuan 這
Datong 這
Xinzhou 這
Lishi 這
Linfen 這
Changzhi 這
Linhe 這
Jining 這
Hohhot 這
Erenhot 這
Pingshan 這
Zhangjiakou 這
Handan 這
Suide 這
Northern Min Jian'ou 𱕇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 只, 者, 嚽
Changle 這
Lianjiang 這
Fuqing 者
Pingtan 這
Yongtai 這
Minqing 這
Gutian 這
Pingnan 這
Luoyuan 這
Fu'an 這
Ningde 這
Xiapu 這
Zherong 這
Shouning 這
Zhouning 這
Fuding 這
Singapore (Fuqing) 這
Southern Min Xiamen 這
Xiamen (Tong'an) 這
Quanzhou 只, 這
Jinjiang 這
Nan'an 這
Shishi 這
Hui'an 這
Anxi 這
Yongchun 這
Dehua 這
Zhangzhou 這
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 這
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 這
Hua'an 這
Nanjing 這
Pinghe 這
Zhangpu 這
Yunxiao 這
Zhao'an 只
Dongshan 這
Taipei 這
Kinmen 這
Penang (Hokkien) 這
Singapore (Hokkien) 這
Manila (Hokkien) 這
Longyan 迄好
Zhangping 這
Chaozhou 只
Shantou 只
Jieyang 只
Haifeng 只
Singapore (Teochew) 只
Batam (Teochew) 只
Wenchang 這
Haikou 這
Singapore (Hainanese) 這
Puxian Min Putian 只蜀
Xianyou 只蜀
Central Min Yong'an 這
Shaxian 這
Shaojiang Min Guangze 當
Jiangle 者
Mingxi 只
Shunchang 這
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亞
Shehua Cangnan 這
Jingning 個
Wu Shanghai 搿, 迭 dated, 第 obsolete
Shanghai (Chongming) 吉, 講, 葛 also that
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搿
Suzhou 該, 搿
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 個
Wuxi 意
Changshu 俚
Jiaxing 葛
Jiashan 葛
Pinghu 葛
Haining (Yanguan) 葛
Tongxiang 葛
Haiyan 葛
Changzhou 資
Danyang 格
Gaochun 格
Huzhou 格
Changxing 格
Anji (Ancheng) 格
Deqing 葛
Hangzhou 葛
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 葛
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 葛
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 葛
Tonglu 葛
Tonglu (Wusheng) 個個
Shaoxing 咸
Zhuji 咸
Shengzhou 咸
Xinchang 咸
Ningbo 葛
Zhenhai 葛
Yuyao 耶
Cixi 葛
Huangyan 葛
Tiantai 葛
Sanmen 葛
Wenling 葛, 格
Wenzhou 個
Yueqing 個
Yongjia (Fenglin) 個
Rui'an 個
Pingyang 個
Taishun 這
Wencheng 個
Lishui 已
Qingtian 已
Jinyun 已
Songyang (Xiping) 益
Yunhe 益
Qingyuan 這
Longquan 搭
Suichang 益
Jiangshan 益
Changshan 益
Kaihua 益
Longyou 個
Jinhua 等, 待
Yiwu 吾
Yongkang 個
Pujiang 這, 吉
Dongyang 個
Wuyi 愛個
Lanxi 個
Shangrao 這
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 伊
Yushan 伊
Xiang Changsha 咯
Shuangfeng 咯
Dialectal synonyms of 這裡 (“here”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 斯, 此
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這裡, 此處 formal, 此 formal
Mandarin Beijing 這兒, 這兒合兒 colloquial, 這合兒 colloquial
Taiwan 這, 這裡
Tianjin 這兒, 這兒合兒
Jinan 這裡
Xi'an 這搭兒
Wuhan 這裡, 這塊, 這塊歇
Chengdu 這兒
Guilin 這塏
Liuzhou 這塏
Yangzhou 這塊
Hefei 這塊, 這蒿子
Malaysia 這裡
Singapore 這裡
Mae Salong (Lancang) 這點, 這古
Cantonese Guangzhou 呢度, 呢處, 依度
Hong Kong 呢度, 呢處, 依度, 依處
Macau 呢度
Taishan 該, 該處, 該埞
Yangjiang 該, 該處, 該處塗
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呢度
Singapore (Guangfu) 呢度, 依度
Gan Nanchang 箇𥚃
Hakka Meixian 這仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這位
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這位, 這息
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這位
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這位, 這位項
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這位
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這位, 這
Hong Kong 這裡, 這埞
Kuching (Hepo) 這邊
Jin Taiyuan 這裡, 這兒家
Northern Min Jian'ou 𱕇裡
Eastern Min Fuzhou 只所, 只塊, 只裡, 租塊
Southern Min Xiamen 遮, 這帶, 這跡, 這位, 這搭
Quanzhou 遮, 這帶, 這跡, 這位, 這搭
Jinjiang 這跡, 這位
Hui'an 這搭
Zhangzhou 遮, 這帶, 這位, 這位仔
Taipei 遮
New Taipei (Sanxia) 遮
Kaohsiung 遮
Yilan 遮
Changhua (Lukang) 遮
Taichung 遮
Tainan 遮
Hsinchu 遮
Kinmen 遮
Penghu (Magong) 遮
Penang (Hokkien) 這落, 這爿
Singapore (Hokkien) 這兜, 這爿
Manila (Hokkien) 遮, 這搭, 這位, 這路, 這爿
Chaozhou 只塊
Shantou 只塊
Shantou (Chaoyang) 這爿
Singapore (Teochew) 只塊
Wenchang 這裡
Haikou 這帶
Qionghai 這裡, 這路
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亞啲
Wu Shanghai 搿搭, 搿搭塊, 搿搭裡, 迭搭 old-style, 迭搭塊 old-style, 迭搭裡 old-style, 此地, 此地塊, 此地塊搭
Suzhou 該搭, 搿搭
Wenzhou 該頭, 該柢, 柢, 彀, 彀宕
Xiang Changsha 箇裡, 箇當, 箇塊子, 該裡, 該當, 該塊子
Xiangtan 箇當
Shuangfeng 箇裡, 箇當數
Antonyms edit
  • 那 (nà, “that, those”)

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

trad. 這
simp. 这

Original meaning of this character. It is part of the 迎 (OC *ŋaŋ, *ŋraŋs, “to face, to meet”) word family; see there for more.

Pronunciation edit

Rime
Character 這
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 仙 (79)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 魚變切
Baxter ngjenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠiᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋᵚiɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋianH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋjɛnH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭɛnH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jin6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 這
Reading # 1/1
No. 14270
Phonetic
component 		言
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		彥
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋrans/
Notes 今表近指另爲適（之石切）省文

Definitions edit

這

  1. † to welcome; to greet; to receive

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

這

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. crawl, creep, grovel
  2. this

Readings edit

From Middle Chinese 這 (MC ngjenH, “to receive”):

From Mandarin 這／这 (zhè, “this”):

Compounds edit

Korean edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Chinese; compare Mandarin 這／这 (zhè).

Pronunciation edit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕɘ(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [저(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja edit

這 (eumhun 이 저 (i jeo))

  1. Hanja form? of 저 (“this; that”). [affix]
Usage notes edit
  • The original meaning is "this". In certain words, it has been conflated with native Korean 저 (jeo, “that”).
Compounds edit
Compounds

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle Chinese 這 (MC ngjenH).

Pronunciation edit

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɘ(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [언(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja edit

這 (eumhun 맞을 언 (majeul eon))

  1. Hanja form? of 언 (“to greet”). [only in Chinese]
Usage notes edit
  • Used only in the reading of Classical Chinese; no Korean word appears to use this hanja.

Middle Korean edit

Glyph origin edit

Simplified from 邊 (“edge”), used as hungaja for similarly pronounced ᄀᆞᆺ〯 (kǒs, “edge”).

Noun edit

這 (kàs) (hangeul 갓)

  1. Idu script spelling of 갓 (kàs, “kind, variety”)

Usage notes edit

  • Probably only found as reduplicated 這這, Idu spelling of the adverb 갓갓 (kàs-kàs, “of each kind”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

這: Hán Nôm readings: giá, gió

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=這&oldid=78679929"