蒿

蒿 U+84BF, 蒿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-84BF ← 蒾 [U+84BE] CJK Unified Ideographs 蓀 → [U+84C0]

Translingual

Han character

蒿 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+10, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿卜口月 (TYRB), four-corner 4422₇, composition ⿱艹高)

1. mugwort, artemisia
2. give off

Derived characters

• 嚆 𡽝 𣝏 𤢨 𥖰 𬞩 𦿣 𧂕 𮬕 𧂎

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1050, character 25
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31634
• Dae Jaweon: page 1512, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3267, character 15
• Unihan data for U+84BF

Chinese

trad.		蒿
simp. #		蒿

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蒿
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
高	*kaːw
膏	*kaːw, *kaːws
篙	*kaːw
稿	*kaːwʔ
稾	*kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws
槁	*kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ
縞	*kaːwʔ, *kaːws
暠	*kaːwʔ
槀	*kaːwʔ
藁	*kaːwʔ
燺	*kʰaːwʔ
薧	*kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw
犒	*kʰaːws
蒿	*qʰaːw
藃	*qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw
豪	*ɡaːw
毫	*ɡaːw
壕	*ɡaːw
濠	*ɡaːw
鎬	*ɡaːwʔ
滈	*ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ
鄗	*ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ
鰝	*ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ
薃	*ɡaːwʔ
搞	*kruːʔ
敲	*kʰraːw, *kʰraːws
髇	*qʰraːw
嗃	*qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ
巐	*kʰl'awʔ
歊	*qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ
謞	*qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ
熇	*qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ
碻	*kʰraːwɢ
塙	*kʰraːwɢ
毃	*kʰraːwɢ
翯	*qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ
瀥	*qʰraːwɢ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hāo (hao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hou¹
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ho͘ / ho / o / e / er
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹hau

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hao
    • Wade–Giles: hao¹
    • Yale: hāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hau
    • Palladius: хао (xao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: hou¹
    • Yale: hōu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hou¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hou̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho͘
    • Tâi-lô: hoo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hof
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho
    • Tâi-lô: ho
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoy
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ho⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o
    • Tâi-lô: o
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oy
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /o³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɤ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /o⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: e
    • Tâi-lô: e
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ef
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /e³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /e⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: er
    • Tâi-lô: er
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ə³³/

Note:

• ho͘/ho - literary;
• o/e/er - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹hau
    • MiniDict: hau^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹hau
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hɔ⁵³/

---

• Middle Chinese: xaw

Rime
Character	蒿
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	呼毛切
Baxter	xaw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɑu/
Pan Wuyun	/hɑu/
Shao Rongfen	/xɑu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haw/
Li Rong	/xɑu/
Wang Li	/xɑu/
Bernard Karlgren	/xɑu/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hou1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤaw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蒿
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hāo
Middle Chinese	‹ xaw ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰˁaw/
English	Artemisia
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蒿
Reading #	1/1
No.	3744
Phonetic component	高
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	蒿
Old Chinese	/*qʰaːw/

Definitions

蒿

1. Artemisia (mugwort; wormwood; sagebrush)
2. (in compounds) an Artemisia-like plant

   茼蒿  ―  tónghāo  ―  Glebionis coronaria

   角蒿  ―  jiǎohāo  ―  Incarvillea sinensis

   麥蒿／麦蒿  ―  màihāo  ―  Descurainia sophia

3. evaporating; emitting (scents)
4. Alternative form of 耗 (“to consume; to use up”)
5. Used in 蒿目.
6. a surname: Hao

Synonyms

• (wormwood): 蒿草 (hāocǎo)

Compounds

• 奇蒿
• 焄蒿
• 牡蒿 (mǔhāo)
• 白蒿
• 茼蒿 (tónghāo)
• 茵蔯蒿／茵𫈟蒿 (yīnchénhāo)
• 茵陳蒿／茵陈蒿 (yīnchénhāo)
• 莪蒿
• 蒿坪 (Hāopíng)
• 蒿宮／蒿宫
• 蒿廬／蒿庐
• 蒿惱／蒿恼
• 蒿然
• 蒿目
• 蒿目時艱／蒿目时艰
• 蒿草 (hāocǎo)
• 蒿萊／蒿莱
• 蒿里
• 蔞蒿／蒌蒿
• 蓬蒿 (pénghāo)
• 蓬蒿人
• 蓬蒿滿徑／蓬蒿满径
• 青蒿 (qīnghāo)

 

Further reading

• “蒿”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

蒿

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. wormwood

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: きえる (kieru, 蒿える); つかれる (tsukareru, 蒿れる); よもぎ (yomogi, 蒿)

Compounds

• 蒿雀(あおじ) (aoji)
• 蒿(こう)焉(えん) (kōen)
• 蒿(こう)艾(がい) (kōgai)
• 蒿(こう)矢(し) (kōshi)
• 蒿(こう)里(り) (kōri)
• 蒿(こう)藜(れい) (kōrei)
• 蒿(こう)廬(ろ) (kōro)
• 茵(いん)陳(ちん)蒿(こう) (inchinkō)
• 艾(がい)蒿(こう) (gaikō)
• 莪(が)蒿(こう) (gakō)
• 黄(こう)蒿(こう) (kōkō)
• 茼(とう)蒿(こう) (tōkō)
• 伴(ばん)蒿(こう)蹊(けい) (bankōkei)
• 蓬(ほう)蒿(こう) (hōkō)
• 抱(ほう)娘(じょう)蒿(こう) (hōjōkō)
• 牡(ぼ)蒿(こう) (bokō)
• 蘿(ら)蒿(こう) (rakō)
• 蔞(ろう)蒿(こう) (rōkō)

 

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 蒿 (MC xaw).

This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɸʷo̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [호]

Hanja

Wikisource

蒿 (eumhun 쑥 호 (ssuk ho))

1. mugwort

Compounds

• 호공 (蒿工, hogong)
• 호래 (蒿來, horae)
• 호려 (蒿廬, horyeo)
• 호리 (蒿里, hori)
• 호목 (蒿目, homok)
• 호시 (蒿矢, hosi)
• 호애 (蒿艾, hoae)
• 호작 (蒿雀, hojak)
• 호척 (蒿脊, hocheok)
• 동호 (茼蒿, dongho)
• 백호 (白蒿, baekho)
• 봉호 (蓬蒿, bongho)
• 애호 (艾蒿, aeho)
• 자호 (藉蒿, jaho)
• 천호 (天蒿, cheonho)
• 청호 (靑蒿, cheongho)
• 청호 (菁蒿, cheongho)
• 초호 (草蒿, choho)
• 협호 (莢蒿, hyeopho)
• 훈호처창 (焄蒿悽愴, hunhocheochang)

 

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
• Zonmal.com Hanja Dictionary (존말닷컴 한자사전／漢字辭典) (2002-2005). [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

蒿: Hán Việt readings: hao
蒿: Nôm readings: khao

1. chữ Hán form of hao (“artemisia”).
2. Nôm form of khao (“garland chrysanthemum”).