Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ol

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic edit

Etymology edit

The oblique form *an- is comparable to Proto-Mongolic *ïn- (“third person singular pronoun”) and *an- (“third person plural pronoun”), neither of which appear in the nominative case.

Pronoun edit

*ol

(personal) third person singular and plural pronoun; he, she, it
(demonstrative) that
Synonym: *tẹ

Antonym: *bū

Postposition edit

*ol

Denotes "to be" for third person singular when at the end of a noun; is.
Denotes third person singular after various verb tenses.

Declension edit

Declension of *ol (pronominal-n declension)

	Singular
Nominative	*ol
Accusative	*anï
Genitive	*anïŋ
Dative	*aŋa
Locative	*anta
Ablative	*antan
Allative ¹⁾	*aŋaru
Instrumental ¹⁾	*anïn
Equative ¹⁾	*anča
Similative ¹⁾	*anlayu
Comitative ¹⁾	*anlïgu

1) The original allative, instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.

Derived terms edit

*ol-ar (“they”)

Descendants edit

Oghur:
- Volga Bulgar: ول
  - Chuvash: вӑл (văl)
Common Turkic:
- → Chinese: 兀 (wù) (that)

Old Turkic:
- Old Turkic: 𐰆𐰞 (ul¹ /⁠ol⁠/)
- Karakhanid: اُلْ (ol)
Arghu:
- Khalaj: ô
Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish: اول (ol)
  - Azerbaijani: o
  - Ottoman Turkish: او (o), اول (ol)
    - Turkish: o
    - Gagauz: o
- Salar: u
- Turkmen: ol
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: [script needed] (ol)
- West Kipchak:
  - Crimean Tatar: ол
  - Karachay-Balkar: ол (ol)
  - Kumyk: ол (ol)
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: ул (ul)
  - Tatar: ул (ul)
- South Kipchak:
  - Caspian:
    - Kazakh: ол (ol)
    - Karakalpak: ol
    - Nogai: ол (ol)
  - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    - Kyrgyz: ал (al), ол (ol)
    - Southern Altai: ол (ol)
Karluk:
- Chagatai: او (u), اول (ul)
  - Uzbek: u
  - Uyghur: ئۇ (u)
Siberian:
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: ол (ol)
  - Yakut: ол (ol) (inanimate)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tofa: ол (ol)
    - Tuvan: ол (ol)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: ол (ol)
    - Shor: ол (ol)

References edit

Erdal, Marcel (1993) Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 99, 132
al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943
Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ol”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 123
Janhunen, Juha (2003) The Mongolic Languages‎^[1], Routledge, →ISBN, page 18
Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Nauka, page 444
Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “o”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 360