calma

See also: Calma, calmá, calmà, čalma, and çalma

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈkal.mə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencian) [ˈkal.ma]

Etymology 1

From Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, but this is uncertain.

Noun

calma f (plural calmes)

1. calm (lack of action)
2. calm (lack of anxiety or stress)

Derived terms

• calm
• calmar
• calmós

Etymology 2

Of pre-Roman origin.

Noun

calma f (plural calmes)

1. a high treeless plateau

Hypernyms

• planell

Etymology 3

Verb

calma

1. inflection of calmar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “calma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

French

Verb

calma

1. third-person singular past historic of calmer

Anagrams

• clama

Galician

Etymology

From Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkalma/ [ˈkɑl.mɐ]
• Rhymes: -alma
• Hyphenation: cal‧ma

Noun

calma f (uncountable)

1. calm, especially of the sea or sky
2. stillness
3. peace, quietude

   Synonyms: paz, serenidade, tranquilidade

Related terms

• calmo

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkal̪ˠəmˠə/, /ˈkalˠəmˠə/

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish calma (“strong; brave, valiant”).

Adjective

calma

1. stalwart; brave, strong
2. fine, splendid

Declension

Declension of calma

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	calma	chalma	calma; chalma²
Vocative	chalma		calma
Genitive		calma	calma	calma
Dative	calma; chalma¹	chalma	calma; chalma²
Comparative	níos calma
Superlative	is calma

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Etymology 2

From Middle English calme, from Middle French calme, from Old Italian calma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma). Compare French calme, English calm.

Adjective

calma

1. calm

Declension

Declension of calma

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	calma	chalma	calma; chalma²
Vocative	chalma		calma
Genitive		calma	calma	calma
Dative	calma; chalma¹	chalma	calma; chalma²
Comparative	níos calma
Superlative	is calma

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Noun

calma m (genitive singular calma)

1. Alternative form of calm (“calm”)

Declension

Declension of calma

Fourth declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun) Case Singular Nominative calma Vocative a chalma Genitive calma Dative calma

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Nominative an calma Genitive an chalma Dative leis an gcalma don chalma

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
calma	chalma	gcalma
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “calma”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Entries containing “calma” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “calma” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkal.ma/
• Rhymes: -alma
• Hyphenation: càl‧ma

Etymology 1

Origin uncertain. Possibly from Late Latin cauma, from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, heat of the sun”). Compare also Proto-Germanic *kalmaz (“frozenness, cold”).

Noun

calma f (plural calme)

1. calm, stillness, peacefulness
2. tranquility, peace and quiet

Related terms

• calma interiore
• calmare
• calmo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

calma f sg

1. feminine singular of calmo

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

calma

1. inflection of calmare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Anagrams

• clama

Middle Irish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkalmə/

Adjective

calma

1. strong
2. brave, valiant

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Synonyms

• calmach

Derived terms

• calmaigid (“strengthens, confirms”, verb)
• calmuain

Descendants

• Irish: calma
• Scottish Gaelic: calma

Noun

calma f

1. strength; bravery, deeds of valour

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Synonyms

• calmacht
• calmatus

Mutation

Middle Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
calma	chalma	calma pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈkaw.mɐ/ [ˈkaʊ̯.mɐ]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈkaw.mɐ/ [ˈkaʊ̯.mɐ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈkaw.ma/ [ˈkaʊ̯.ma]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈkal.mɐ/ [ˈkaɫ.mɐ]

• Rhymes: -almɐ, -awmɐ
• Hyphenation: cal‧ma

Etymology 1

From Late Latin cauma (“heat of the midday sun”), from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma, “heat, especially of the sun”), from καίω (kaíō, “to burn”). Possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, although the word was found in Ibero-Romance as early as in Italian.

Noun

calma f (plural calmas)

1. calm
2. tranquility
3. (obsolete, literature) heat produced by the sun

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

calma

1. feminine singular of calmo

Etymology 3

Verb

calma

1. inflection of calmar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French calmer.

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

a calma (third-person singular present calmează, past participle calmat) 1st conj.

1. to calm
2. (reflexive) to calm oneself, calm down, settle down

Conjugation

    conjugation of calma (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a calma
gerund			calmând
past participle			calmat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	calmez	calmezi	calmează	calmăm	calmați	calmează
	imperfect	calmam	calmai	calma	calmam	calmați	calmau
	simple perfect	calmai	calmași	calmă	calmarăm	calmarăți	calmară
	pluperfect	calmasem	calmaseși	calmase	calmaserăm	calmaserăți	calmaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să calmez	să calmezi	să calmeze	să calmăm	să calmați	să calmeze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		calmează			calmați
	negative		nu calma			nu calmați

Synonyms

• liniști, potoli

Related terms

• calm

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish calma (“strong; brave, valiant”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʰal̪ˠamə/

Adjective

calma

1. brave, stout, daring, resolute, strong
2. thickset, brawny, robust

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “calma”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 calma”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkalma/ [ˈkal.ma]

• Audio (Peru):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -alma
• Syllabification: cal‧ma

Etymology 1

Ultimately from Ancient Greek καῦμα (kaûma), through Late Latin cauma. Possibly through the intermediate of Italian calma, although the word was found in Ibero-Romance as early as in Italian.

Noun

calma f (plural calmas)

1. calm, stillness, peacefulness
2. tranquility, peace and quiet

   Synonym: tranquilidad

Derived terms

• calma chicha
• calmar

 

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

calma

1. feminine singular of calmo

Verb

calma

1. inflection of calmar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “calma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014