kappen
Danish edit
Noun edit
kappen c
Dutch edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Middle Dutch cappen. Further origin unsettled. Apparently related to German Low German kappen (“to clip, cut”), German kappen (“to clip, cut”), English chap and chop. The slang sense may have a distinct (unknown) etymology.
Verb edit
kappen
- (transitive) to chop, as with an axe
- (transitive) to cut down, fell (e.g. a tree)
- (figuratively, intransitive) (in kappen op ...) to criticize
- (colloquial, intransitive) to cease, give up, stop
- (slang) to talk; notably
- (intransitive) to plead
- (transitive) to speak (a) slang
Inflection edit
Inflection of kappen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | kappen | |||
past singular | kapte | |||
past participle | gekapt | |||
infinitive | kappen | |||
gerund | kappen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | kap | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | kapt | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | kapt | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | kapt | kapte | ||
3rd person singular | kapt | kapte | ||
plural | kappen | kapten | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | kappe | kapte | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | kappen | kapten | ||
imperative sing. | kap | |||
imperative plur.1 | kapt | |||
participles | kappend | gekapt | ||
1) Archaic. |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Berbice Creole Dutch: kapu
- Negerhollands: kap, kappen
- Skepi Creole Dutch: kap, cap
- → Papiamentu: kap
- → Saterland Frisian: kappe
- → Sranan Tongo: kapu, kappe
Etymology 2 edit
From kap (“bonnet, hood, cap”) + -en. Women used to wear bonnets and caps, but these often left part of the hair uncovered; therefore kappen came to be used of the styling of head and hair in general, and was soon also generalized to males. The modern use specifically for cutting hair must have developed in part through association with etymology 2 above.
Verb edit
kappen
- (transitive) To fit with a hairstyle or headdress
- (transitive) To cut (someone's) hair and model it
- (transitive) To dress (someone) with a bonnet, hood, cap
- (transitive) To cover (something) with a (heavy) hood, casing etc.
- (transitive, figuratively) To trick (someone), play a prank on ...
Inflection edit
Inflection of kappen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | kappen | |||
past singular | kapte | |||
past participle | gekapt | |||
infinitive | kappen | |||
gerund | kappen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | kap | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | kapt | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | kapt | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | kapt | kapte | ||
3rd person singular | kapt | kapte | ||
plural | kappen | kapten | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | kappe | kapte | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | kappen | kapten | ||
imperative sing. | kap | |||
imperative plur.1 | kapt | |||
participles | kappend | gekapt | ||
1) Archaic. |
Derived terms edit
Etymology 3 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb edit
kappen
- (transitive) to young, notably have piglets
Inflection edit
Inflection of kappen (weak) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | kappen | |||
past singular | kapte | |||
past participle | gekapt | |||
infinitive | kappen | |||
gerund | kappen n | |||
present tense | past tense | |||
1st person singular | kap | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (jij) | kapt | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (u) | kapt | kapte | ||
2nd person sing. (gij) | kapt | kapte | ||
3rd person singular | kapt | kapte | ||
plural | kappen | kapten | ||
subjunctive sing.1 | kappe | kapte | ||
subjunctive plur.1 | kappen | kapten | ||
imperative sing. | kap | |||
imperative plur.1 | kapt | |||
participles | kappend | gekapt | ||
1) Archaic. |
Alternative forms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 4 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
kappen
Anagrams edit
German edit
Etymology edit
17th century, from Middle Low German kappen, from Middle Dutch cappen (“to chop”). Compare Alemannic German (Alsatian) kchapfen (“to chop, mince”).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
kappen (weak, third-person singular present kappt, past tense kappte, past participle gekappt, auxiliary haben)
- to cut down so as to make unusable; to cut off; to interrupt
- Die zurückziehenden Truppen hatten Befehl, alle Strommasten zu kappen.
- The withdrawing troops had been commanded to cut down all utility poles.
Conjugation edit
infinitive | kappen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | kappend | ||||
past participle | gekappt | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich kappe | wir kappen | i | ich kappe | wir kappen |
du kappst | ihr kappt | du kappest | ihr kappet | ||
er kappt | sie kappen | er kappe | sie kappen | ||
preterite | ich kappte | wir kappten | ii | ich kappte1 | wir kappten1 |
du kapptest | ihr kapptet | du kapptest1 | ihr kapptet1 | ||
er kappte | sie kappten | er kappte1 | sie kappten1 | ||
imperative | kapp (du) kappe (du) |
kappt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
Further reading edit
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
kappen m or f