malum
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
malum (plural malums)
- (formal) An evil or wrongdoing.
Related terms edit
References edit
- “malum”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- “malum”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
Etymology 2 edit
Related to Arabic مُعَلِّم (muʕallim, “teacher”).
Noun edit
malum (plural malums)
- (India, nautical, historical) The mate serving on a ship with English officers and native crew.
Alternative forms edit
References edit
- Henry Yule, A[rthur] C[oke] Burnell (1903) “malum”, in William Crooke, editor, Hobson-Jobson […] , London: John Murray, […].
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Etymology 1 edit
From malus (“evil, wicked”).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈma.lum/, [ˈmäɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈma.lum/, [ˈmäːlum]
Adjective edit
malum
- inflection of malus:
Noun edit
malum n (genitive malī); second declension
- evil, adversity, hardship, misfortune, calamity, disaster, mischief
- punishment, harm, injury, torment, misery
- Synonyms: cruciātus, pūnītiō, mercēs, poena, supplicium, vindicātiō, vindicta, animadversus, exemplum, sānctiō, pretium, noxa
- disease, illness, infirmity
- Synonyms: aegritūdō, morbus, pestis, valētūdō, labor, infirmitas, incommodum
- Antonyms: salūs, valētūdō
- wrong-doing
- (in the plural) bad words
Declension edit
Second-declension noun (neuter).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | malum | mala |
Genitive | malī | malōrum |
Dative | malō | malīs |
Accusative | malum | mala |
Ablative | malō | malīs |
Vocative | malum | mala |
Descendants edit
Interjection edit
malum
- damn!, fuck!, alas!, misery!
- c. 200 BCE, Plautus, Menaechmi 2.3.389.390:
- Erotium: Certo, tibi et parasito tuo.
Sosicles: Quoi, malum, parasito? Certo haec mulier non sana est satis.- Certainly you did, for yourself and your parasite."
"For whom? Fuck, parasite? Surely this woman isn't quite right in her senses.
- Certainly you did, for yourself and your parasite."
- Erotium: Certo, tibi et parasito tuo.
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Perhaps borrowed from Doric Greek μᾶλον (mâlon, “apple”). Alternatively but less likely from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂lom. The Proto-Indo-European word in fact regularly give both mālum in Latin and μῆλον in Ancient Greek, but such reconstruction is dubious due to the fact that it is only found in some Indo-European languages. It is more likely that the Greek word was borrowed from a pre-Indo-European subratum and later borrowed into Latin. See μῆλον for more details.
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈmaː.lum/, [ˈmäːɫ̪ʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈma.lum/, [ˈmäːlum]
Noun edit
mālum n (genitive mālī); second declension
- apple (fruit)
- any tree fruit with a fleshy exterior, e.g. quinces, pears, peaches, etc.
- the plant Aristolochia
Declension edit
Second-declension noun (neuter).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | mālum | māla |
Genitive | mālī | mālōrum |
Dative | mālō | mālīs |
Accusative | mālum | māla |
Ablative | mālō | mālīs |
Vocative | mālum | māla |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “malum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “malum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- malum in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
- malum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- malum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
- (ambiguous) to be hard pressed by misfortune: malis urgeri
- (ambiguous) to deserve ill of a person; to treat badly: male mereri de aliquo
- (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bene, male audire (ab aliquo)
- (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
- (ambiguous) to inculcate good (bad) principles: bene (male) praecipere alicui
- (ambiguous) moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
- (ambiguous) my mind forebodes misfortune: animus praesāgit malum
- (ambiguous) my mind forebodes misfortune: animo praesagio malum
- (ambiguous) a guilty conscience: conscientia mala or peccatorum, culpae, sceleris, delicti
- (ambiguous) a guilty conscience: animus male sibi conscius
- (ambiguous) to be tormented by remorse: conscientia mala angi, excruciari
- (ambiguous) a moral (immoral) man: homo bene (male) moratus
- (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem
- (ambiguous) to manage one's affairs, household, property well or ill: rem bene (male) gerere (vid. sect. XVI. 10a)
- (ambiguous) from beginning to end: ab ovo usque ad mala (proverb.)
- (ambiguous) to buy dearly: magno or male emere
- (ambiguous) to win, lose a fight (of the commander): rem (bene, male) gerere (vid. sect. XII. 2, note rem gerere...)
- (ambiguous) I am sorry to hear..: male (opp. bene) narras (de)
- (ambiguous) to be broken down by misfortune: in malis iacere
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
From Ottoman Turkish معلوم (ma'lum), from Arabic مَعْلُوم (maʕlūm).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
malum
Related terms edit
Adverb edit
malum
Noun edit
malum (definite accusative malumu, plural malumlar)
Antonyms edit
References edit
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “malum”, in Nişanyan Sözlük