testa
English edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
testa (plural testas or testae or testæ)
- (botany) A seed coat.
- The testa develops from the tissue, the integument, originally surrounding the ovule.
- 1840, James Scott Bowerbank, A History of the Fossil Fruits and Seeds of the London Clay, page 30:
- The seeds are furnished with a reticulated testa, very much in appearance like that of the seeds of two closely-allied pericarps in the cabinet of my friend Mr. Ward, of Wellclose-square, the names of which I have been unable to obtain, but which present strong evidence of belonging to the Malvaceæ.
- 1969, C. W. Bennett, Seed Transmission of Plant Viruses, Alison Smith, Advances in Virus Research, Volume 14, page 224,
- In tests with the Lincoln and Virginia varieties of cowpea, Crowley (1959) found that, in plants infected with bean southern mosaic virus before blossoming, the virus was present in nearly 100% of the testae and endosperms of seeds of both varieties, but could not be detected in the embryos.
- 1977, Commonwealth Scientific, Industrial Research Organization, Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, page 354:
- Thus, two conditions must be satisfied for the testas to have this effect: contact between the testas and the radicle, and the presence of at least half of the testas.
- 2005, D. W. Dickson, D. De Waele, Nematode Parasites of Peanut, Michel Luc, Richard A. Sikora, John Bridge, Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture, page 419,
- A.[Aphelenchoides] arachidis is a parasite of pods, testae, roots and hypocotyls, but not the cotyledons, embryos or other parts of the plant (Bos, 1977a; Bridge et al., 1977).
- 2007, J. Smartt, “Evolution of American Phaseolus beans under domestication”, in Peter John Ucko, G. W. Dimbleby, editors, The Domestication and Exploitation of Plants and Animals, page 458:
- One of the most remarkable features of cultivated beans is the enormous range of testa colours and patterns which can be found.
- (marine biology) The external calciferous shell, or endoskeleton, of an echinoderm; the test.
Anagrams edit
Catalan edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Latin testa (“burned clay; baked earthenware”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
testa f (plural testes)
- (Empordanese) head
- Synonym: cap
- end (of a post, plank, barrel, etc.)
- (botany) testa (the outer layer of a seed coat)
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
testa
Etymology 3 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
testa
- inflection of testar (“to test”):
Etymology 4 edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
testa
- inflection of testar (“to witness”):
Further reading edit
- “testa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
testa
- third-person singular past historic of tester
Anagrams edit
Galician edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese testa (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin testa (“earthen pot”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
testa f (plural testas)
- forehead
- 1390, José Luís Pensado Tomé (ed.), Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I. Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 133:
- Et avia ẽno rrostro hũu palmo et meo en longo et ẽna barua hũu palmo, et ẽno nariz hũu meo palmo; et ẽna testa hũu palmo et pouquo mais
- He had a palmspan and a half in his face, and in the beard a palmspan, and half one in the nose; and in the front he had one palmspan and a little more
- 1434, A. López Carreira (ed.), Libro de Notas de Álvaro Afonso, doc. 90:
- os quaes roçiins era huun delles ven preto con hun signal enna testa et ho outro ben çerbyño con huna mancha enna testa
- one of that horses was really dark, with a signal in his forehead, and the other was tawny with a spot in his forehead
- Synonym: fronte
- 1390, José Luís Pensado Tomé (ed.), Os Miragres de Santiago. Versión gallega del Códice latino del siglo XII atribuido al papa Calisto I. Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 133:
- (figurative) the whole head of a person
- 1697, several authors, Fiestas Minervales, Santiago: Antonio Frayz, page 34:
- Dubido do que farei / Para saír desta enfeita / Maxino roer as uñas / E bourar mui ben na testa
- I'm dubious on what to do / To exit of this preparation / I imagine gnawing my nails / And ably beating my head
- limit of a property
- Synonyms: derrego, estremeiro, límite, lindeiro
- fore
- Synonym: fronte
- lid
- Synonym: tello
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
testa f sg
Etymology 3 edit
Verb edit
testa
- inflection of testar:
References edit
- “testa” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “testa” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
- “testa” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “testa” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “testa” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Italian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin testa. The semantic development is earthen pot → skull → head.
Noun edit
testa f (plural teste, diminutive testìna or testolìna or (uncommon, usually of butchered animals) testicciòla or (literary, uncommon, usually of butchered animals) testicciuòla, augmentative testóna or (with specialized meanings) testóne m, pejorative testàccia, derogatory testùccia)
- (anatomy) head
- (numismatics) obverse (of a coin)
- (anatomy) head (of a bone)
- (rail transport, singular only, uncountable) head (of a train), the first car(s)
- Antonym: coda
- La prima classe è in testa al treno ― The first class is at the head of the train
Synonyms edit
- (part of the body): capo
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
testa
- inflection of testare:
Anagrams edit
Latin edit
Etymology edit
Unknown:
- Perhaps as if tosta, from torreō (“to burn, parch”).[1]
- Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *tₔtḱ-t-, from *tetḱ- (“to create, produce”) (whence Latin texō (“to weave”)). Thus cognate with Middle Persian tšt' (tašt).
- Borrowed from a substrate language, as words for vessels often are.[2]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈtes.ta/, [ˈt̪ɛs̠t̪ä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈtes.ta/, [ˈt̪ɛst̪ä]
Noun edit
testa f (genitive testae); first declension
- a piece of burned clay, brick, tile
- (transferred sense) a piece of baked earthenware
- a sort of clapping with the flat of the hands (as if with two tiles), in token of applause, invented by Nero
Declension edit
First-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | testa | testae |
Genitive | testae | testārum |
Dative | testae | testīs |
Accusative | testam | testās |
Ablative | testā | testīs |
Vocative | testa | testae |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Balkan Romance:
- Romanian: țeastă
- Italo-Romance:
- Padanian:
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
References edit
- “testa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “testa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- testa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- testa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “testa”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- testa in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
- “testa”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- Cravens, Thomas D. Cross-language evidence in etymology: The origin of 'testa' as 'head' in Romance. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen. 83: 53–60.
- ^ “testa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 617
Latvian edit
Noun edit
testa m
Lombard edit
Alternative forms edit
- tèsta (Classical Milanese Orthography)
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
testa f
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Alternative forms edit
Verb edit
testa
- inflection of teste:
- simple past
- past participle
Occitan edit
Noun edit
testa f (plural testas)
- Alternative form of tèsta
Old Occitan edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
testa f (oblique plural testas, nominative singular testa, nominative plural testas)
Descendants edit
Portuguese edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Galician-Portuguese testa, from Latin testa.
Noun edit
testa f (plural testas)
- forehead (part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
testa
- inflection of testar:
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
a testa (third-person singular present testează, past participle testat) 1st conj.
- (transitive) to test; to try
- Synonym: încerca
Conjugation edit
infinitive | a testa | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | testând | ||||||
past participle | testat | ||||||
number | singular | plural | |||||
person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | testez | testezi | testează | testăm | testați | testează | |
imperfect | testam | testai | testa | testam | testați | testau | |
simple perfect | testai | testași | testă | testarăm | testarăți | testară | |
pluperfect | testasem | testaseși | testase | testaserăm | testaserăți | testaseră | |
subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
present | să testez | să testezi | să testeze | să testăm | să testați | să testeze | |
imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
affirmative | testează | testați | |||||
negative | nu testa | nu testați |
References edit
- testa in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
Romansch edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
testa f (plural testas)
Usage notes edit
In Rumantsch Grischun, the literary standard language, testa is used in the figurative sense, and chau in the anatomical sense. Usage differs somewhat, however, between dialects.
Synonyms edit
Sicilian edit
Etymology edit
From Latin testa (“earthen pot”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
testa f (plural testi)
Spanish edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Latin testa. Compare the inherited Old Spanish tiesta.
Noun edit
testa f (plural testas)
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb edit
testa
- inflection of testar:
Further reading edit
- “testa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish edit
Pronunciation edit
audio (file)
Verb edit
testa (present testar, preterite testade, supine testat, imperative testa)
- to try, to attempt; (to see if a specific action is possible; also to see if a device works properly)
Conjugation edit
Active | Passive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | testa | testas | ||
Supine | testat | testats | ||
Imperative | testa | — | ||
Imper. plural1 | testen | — | ||
Present | Past | Present | Past | |
Indicative | testar | testade | testas | testades |
Ind. plural1 | testa | testade | testas | testades |
Subjunctive2 | teste | testade | testes | testades |
Participles | ||||
Present participle | testande | |||
Past participle | testad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. |
Further reading edit
- testa in Svensk ordbok.