tout
English edit
Etymology 1 edit
From a dialectal form of toot (“to stick out; project; peer out; peep”), itself from Middle English toten, totien, from Old English tōtian (“to peep out; look; pry; spectate”). Merged with Middle English touten (“to jut out, protrude, gaze upon, observe, peer”), from Old English *tūtian, related to Old English tȳtan (“to stand out, be conspicuous, shine”). Compare Icelandic túta (“a teat-like prominence”), tútna (“to be blown up”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
tout (plural touts)
- Someone advertising for customers in an aggressive way.
- Synonyms: barker, pitchman, (Australia) spruiker
- Be careful of the ticket touts outside the arena, they are famed for selling counterfeits.
- 1886, Henry James, The Princess Casamassima, London: Macmillan and Co.:
- Paul Muniment looked at his young friend a moment. 'Do you want to know what he is? He's a tout.'
'A tout? What do you mean?'
'Well, a cat's-paw, if you like better.'
- A person, at a racecourse, who offers supposedly inside information on which horse is likely to win.
- 1904–1905, Baroness Orczy [i.e., Emma Orczy], “The Hocussing of Cigarette”, in The Case of Miss Elliott, London: T[homas] Fisher Unwin, published 1905, →OCLC; republished as popular edition, London: Greening & Co., 1909, OCLC 11192831, quoted in The Case of Miss Elliott (ebook no. 2000141h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg of Australia, February 2020:
- No one, however, would have anything to do with him, as Mr. Keeson's orders in those respects were very strict ; he had often threatened any one of his employés with instant dismissal if he found him in company with one of these touts.
- (colloquial) An informer in the Irish Republican Army.
- 2011, Hugh Jordan, Milestones in Murder: Defining Moments in Ulster's Terror War:
- The Derry Brigade of the IRA thought it had got rid of its informer problem when earlier that year it executed Paddy Flood as a tout, after holding him for six weeks.
- (colloquial, archaic) A spy for a smuggler, thief, or similar.
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Verb edit
tout (third-person singular simple present touts, present participle touting, simple past and past participle touted)
- (transitive) To flaunt, to publicize/publicise; to boast or brag; to promote.
- Mary has been touted as a potential successor to the current CEO.
- 2016 January 25, “Why Arabs would regret a toothless Chinese dragon”, in The National, retrieved 25 January 2016:
- China has touted its policy of non-interference for decades.
- 2012, Scott Tobias, “The Hunger Games”, in The A.V. Club:
- For the 75 years since a district rebellion was put down, The Games have existed as an assertion of the Capital’s power, a winner-take-all contest that touts heroism and sacrifice—participants are called “tributes”— while pitting the districts against each other.
- 2018, James Lambert, “A multitude of ‘lishes’: The nomenclature of hybridity”, in English World-Wide[1], page 9:
- Newspaper articles also were generally positive in tone, although a tendency towards sensationalism means that the spread of hybrid forms is occasionally touted as the universal language of the future.
- (UK, slang, horse-racing, transitive) To spy out information about (a horse, a racing stable, etc.).
- (US, slang, horse-racing, transitive) To give a tip on (a racehorse) to a person, with the expectation of sharing in any winnings.
- (UK, slang, horse-racing, intransitive) To spy out the movements of racehorses at their trials, or to get by stealth or other improper means the secrets of the stable, for betting purposes.
- (US, slang, horse-racing, intransitive) To act as a tout; to give a tip on a racehorse.
- (intransitive) To look for, try to obtain; used with for.
- March 1, 2016, Ben Judah on BBC Business Daily:
- To understand the new London, I lived it. I slept rough with Roma beggars and touted for work with Baltic laborers on the kerb.
- March 1, 2016, Ben Judah on BBC Business Daily:
- (obsolete) To look upon or watch.
- 1600, Edward Fairfax, The Jerusalem Delivered of Tasso, X, lvi:
- Nor durst Orcanes view the Soldan's face, / But still upon the floor did pore and tout.
- 1600, Edward Fairfax, The Jerusalem Delivered of Tasso, X, lvi:
Synonyms edit
Translations edit
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Etymology 2 edit
Probably from French tout (“all”).
Noun edit
tout
See also edit
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Middle French tout, from Old French tot, from Vulgar Latin tōttus, alteration (likely via expressive gemination) of Latin tōtus. Compare Catalan tot, Italian tutto, Portuguese todo, Romanian tot, Spanish todo.
Pronunciation edit
Adverb edit
tout m (feminine toute or tout, feminine plural toutes or tout)
- all
- totally; completely
- (tout + adjective + que + subjunctive clause) however; no matter how
- 1886, Ernest Legouvé, Soixante ans de souvenirs:
- « Oh ! disait-il, il faut le reconnaître, tout romantique qu’il soit, il y a quelque chose dans ce Lamartine… »
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Usage notes edit
When modifying a feminine adjective, the form tout is used preceding a vowel or muted H, or otherwise changes to agree with the adjective. When modifying a verb, tout is invariant.
Derived terms edit
Determiner edit
tout (feminine toute, masculine plural tous, feminine plural toutes)
Derived terms edit
Noun edit
tout m (plural touts)
Derived terms edit
Pronoun edit
tout (plural tous)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “tout”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Haitian Creole edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
tout
Adverb edit
tout
Middle French edit
Etymology edit
From Old French tot.
Adjective edit
tout m (feminine singular toute, masculine plural tous, feminine plural toutes)
- all; all of
- toute la nuit
- all (of the) night
Adverb edit
tout (feminine singular toute, masculine plural tous, feminine plural toutes)
- all (intensifier)
- 1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 45:
- Et moult y avoit de gens tout autour pour regarder la iustice de la damoiselle
- And there were many people all around to watch the justice afforded to the lady
- completely; totally; entirely
Usage notes edit
- Like Modern French tout, when used as an intensifier it may inflect according to the gender and the number of what it is describing:
- Elle est toute morte ― she is completely dead
- The uninflected form tout is always used for describing terms that don't inflect with gender, such as verbs, adverbs and prepositions:
- y avoit de gens tout autour ― there were people all around (tout qualifies the preposition autour)
Descendants edit
- French: tout
Norman edit
Etymology edit
From Old French tot, from Latin tōtus.
Pronunciation edit
Audio (Jersey) (file)
Adjective edit
tout m
Derived terms edit
- èrtithe-tout (“lumber-room”)
- homme à tout faithe (“jack of all trades”)
- laîsse-tout-faithe (“neglectful person”)
- tout à ièrs (“all eyes”)
- tout-s'mêle (“busybody”)
- toute-êpice (“allspice”)
Adverb edit
tout
Scots edit
Verb edit
tout
- (intransitive) To pout.
Noun edit
tout (plural touts)