áðr
Old Norse edit
Etymology 1 edit
Traditionally derived from Proto-Germanic *ēdrô (“quickly, promptly”), from *ēdraz (“quick, prompt”) and thus cognate with Old English ǣdre, Old Frisian ēdre, Old Saxon ādro, Old High German ātar, but this doesn't fit well semantically. A better derivation is from Proto-Norse *āriʀ, from Proto-Germanic *airiz (“earlier”) and thus cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌶 (airiz, “earlier”) and English ere.[1]
Alternative forms edit
Adverb edit
áðr (not comparable)
- already
- before, heretofore, ere
- Vǫluspá, verse 46, lines 7-10, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 7:
- […] skeggöld, skálmöld,
skildir 'ro klofnir,
vindöld, vargöld,
áðr veröld steypisk; […]- […] axe-age, sword-age,
shields are cloven
wind-age, wolf-age,
ere the world falls; […]
- […] axe-age, sword-age,
- Vǫluspá, verse 46, lines 7-10, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 7:
- until
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
Participle edit
áðr
- past participle of æja
Declension edit
Strong declension of áðr
Weak declension of áðr
References edit
Further reading edit
- áðr in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.
- Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic[1], Oxford: Clarendon Press