échapper
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle French eschapper, from Old French eschaper, escaper, from Vulgar Latin *excappāre or *excapāre, present active infinitives of *excappo, *excapo, from ex- (“out”) + Late Latin cappa (“cape, coat”).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
échapper
- (intransitive, followed by à or de) to escape (from), evade
- échapper à la mort ― to escape death
- échapper des mains de quelqu'un ― to slip out of someone's hands
- (Quebec, transitive) to drop an object unintentionally
- Tu as échappé ta tuque. ― You dropped your hat.
- (reflexive, s'échapper followed by de) to escape, break out (e.g., from prison)
- (reflexive, s'échapper) to go away, run away
ConjugationEdit
Conjugation of échapper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | échapper | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | échappant /e.ʃa.pɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | échappé /e.ʃa.pe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | échappe /e.ʃap/ |
échappes /e.ʃap/ |
échappe /e.ʃap/ |
échappons /e.ʃa.pɔ̃/ |
échappez /e.ʃa.pe/ |
échappent /e.ʃap/ |
| imperfect | échappais /e.ʃa.pɛ/ |
échappais /e.ʃa.pɛ/ |
échappait /e.ʃa.pɛ/ |
échappions /e.ʃa.pjɔ̃/ |
échappiez /e.ʃa.pje/ |
échappaient /e.ʃa.pɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | échappai /e.ʃa.pe/ |
échappas /e.ʃa.pa/ |
échappa /e.ʃa.pa/ |
échappâmes /e.ʃa.pam/ |
échappâtes /e.ʃa.pat/ |
échappèrent /e.ʃa.pɛʁ/ | |
| future | échapperai /e.ʃa.pʁe/ |
échapperas /e.ʃa.pʁa/ |
échappera /e.ʃa.pʁa/ |
échapperons /e.ʃa.pʁɔ̃/ |
échapperez /e.ʃa.pʁe/ |
échapperont /e.ʃa.pʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | échapperais /e.ʃa.pʁɛ/ |
échapperais /e.ʃa.pʁɛ/ |
échapperait /e.ʃa.pʁɛ/ |
échapperions /e.ʃa.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
échapperiez /e.ʃa.pə.ʁje/ |
échapperaient /e.ʃa.pʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | échappe /e.ʃap/ |
échappes /e.ʃap/ |
échappe /e.ʃap/ |
échappions /e.ʃa.pjɔ̃/ |
échappiez /e.ʃa.pje/ |
échappent /e.ʃap/ |
| imperfect2 | échappasse /e.ʃa.pas/ |
échappasses /e.ʃa.pas/ |
échappât /e.ʃa.pa/ |
échappassions /e.ʃa.pa.sjɔ̃/ |
échappassiez /e.ʃa.pa.sje/ |
échappassent /e.ʃa.pas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | échappe /e.ʃap/ |
— | échappons /e.ʃa.pɔ̃/ |
échappez /e.ʃa.pe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is only usable with the preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “échapper” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).