de
TranslingualEdit
EtymologyEdit
SymbolEdit
de
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for German.
- Coordinate term: deu
- (radio slang) from (operator), this is (operator)
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Borrowed from Russian дэ (dɛ).
NounEdit
de (plural des)
- The name of the Cyrillic script letter Д / д.
Etymology 2Edit
Alternative formsEdit
- dee (Northumberland)
VerbEdit
de (third-person singular simple present diz, present participle dein, simple past did, past participle dyun)
- (Northumbria) To do.
ReferencesEdit
- Frank Graham (1987) The New Geordie Dictionary, →ISBN
- Newcastle 1970s, Scott Dobson and Dick Irwin, [2]
- Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4
- A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Bill Griffiths, 2005, Northumbria University Press, →ISBN
Etymology 3Edit
ArticleEdit
de
- (African-American Vernacular, Bermuda, Caribbean, Jamaica) Pronunciation spelling of the.
- 2013 April 12, “Exclusive: Meet Derpuntae - Bermuda's first meme”, in The Bermuda Sun[3], archived from the original on 2022-12-12:
- So I'll prolly say de biggest threat to Bermy is de new selfish mentality like, she ank helpin no one in de end.
Etymology 4Edit
InterjectionEdit
de
- A meaningless syllable used when singing a tune or indicating a rhythm.
- "Dum de dum, dum de dum", he hummed as he sauntered down the road.
AnagramsEdit
Alemannic GermanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
ArticleEdit
de
- (definite) the
- 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 10:
- [...] Fründ der Natur [...]
- 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 30:
- [...]; der erst und de zweit Stock [...]
- Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, published in Zürich by Verlag von Orell Füßli & Co., I. Teil, p. 5:
- [...] so luted der erst Atrag, wo bi der Umfrog vom Pfleger Heieri Guetchnecht vorbrocht würd.
- Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 13:
- [...] wo die Flüchtigkeit der Zeit den Ernst des Läbens dem Gemüeti näher bringt.
- Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 34:
- [...] i siner Eigeschaft als Fürst der Höll, der [...]
- Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, I. Teil, p. 52:
- Was ihr an einem der Ärmsten und Gringste Liebes und Guets tüend,
Das will ich achte, als heied ihr mir 's tue – so spricht jo der Heiland.
- Was ihr an einem der Ärmsten und Gringste Liebes und Guets tüend,
- Dichtungen in Thurgauer Mundart. Gesammelt von O. Sutermeister, II. Teil, p. 23:
- Mach mit den ander-n acht Moß, wa d'witt; [...]
- 1879, Leonhard Steiner, Glärnisch-Fahrt. Gedicht in Zürcher Mundart, p. 10:
DeclensionEdit
Zürich:
Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||
Nominative | de der (before a vowel) |
die, d', d'- | 's (at the beginning of a sentence or verse: S') |
de, d' |
Genitive | der | |||
Dative | dem | der, de | dem | de |
Accusative | de der (before a vowel) |
de, d', d'- | 's | d', d'- |
Thurgau:
Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||
Nominative | de (before a consonant, including h) der (before a vowel, also before h) |
die, de, d'- | das, 's | die, d'- |
Genitive | des | der | des | der |
Dative | dem | der | dem | de (before a consonant) den (before a vowel) |
Accusative | de (before a consonant) der (before a vowel) den (before a vowel, less common) |
die, de, d'- | das, 's | d'- |
AsturianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
Usage notesEdit
- The preposition de contracts to d' before a word beginning with a vowel or h-: d'Asturies (“of Asturias”), d'hermanu (“of a brother”).
Derived termsEdit
BambaraEdit
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
de
- emphatic particle (placed directly after the word it modifies)
- A ma i wele. A ye ne de wele
- He didn't call you. It was me that called
ReferencesEdit
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
BasqueEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
de inan
- The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.
DeclensionEdit
Declension of de (inanimate, ending in vowel) | |||
---|---|---|---|
indefinite | singular | plural | |
absolutive | de | dea | deak |
ergative | dek | deak | deek |
dative | deri | deari | deei |
genitive | deren | dearen | deen |
comitative | derekin | dearekin | deekin |
causative | derengatik | dearengatik | deengatik |
benefactive | derentzat | dearentzat | deentzat |
instrumental | dez | deaz | deez |
inessive | detan | dean | deetan |
locative | detako | deko | deetako |
allative | detara | dera | deetara |
terminative | detaraino | deraino | deetaraino |
directive | detarantz | derantz | deetarantz |
destinative | detarako | derako | deetarako |
ablative | detatik | detik | deetatik |
partitive | derik | — | — |
prolative | detzat | — | — |
See alsoEdit
BavarianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- d' (unstressed form)
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with German German die.
ArticleEdit
de f or pl
See alsoEdit
m | n | f | pl | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
definite | nominative | der, da | — | das, es, des | 's | de | d' | de | d' |
accusative | en, den | 'n | |||||||
dative | em, dem | 'm | em, dem | 'm | der, da | — | |||
genitive1 | des | des | der, da | der, da | |||||
indefinite | nominative | a | — | a | — | a | — | ||
accusative | an | 'n | |||||||
dative | am | 'm | am | 'm | a, ana | 'na |
PronounEdit
de
SynonymsEdit
See alsoEdit
nominative | accusative | dative | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||
1st person singular | i | — | mi | — | mia (mir) | ma | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | — | di | — | dia (dir) | da | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Sie | — | Eahna | — | Eahna | — | |
3rd person singular | m | er | a | eahm | 'n | eahm | 'n |
n | es, des | 's | des | 's | |||
f | se, de | 's | se | 's | ihr | — | |
1st person plural | mia (mir) | ma | uns | — | uns | — | |
2nd person plural | eß, ihr | — | enk, eich | — | enk, eich | — | |
3rd person plural | se | 's | eahna | — | eahna | — |
CatalanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
de f (plural des)
- The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
de (before vowel or h d')
Further readingEdit
- “de” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
CebuanoEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
- (dated) of, from (only in names with Spanish origins or in phrases with Spanish construct)
- hopia de Cebu
- Cebu's hopia or hopia of/from Cebu
- Isabel biyuda de Cortes
- Isabel widow of Cortes
Related termsEdit
Central FranconianEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
de (definite, reduced)
- the
- (most dialects) feminine nominative and accusative
- (most dialects) plural nominative and accusative
- (many dialects) plural dative
- (some dialects) masculine nominative
- (some dialects) masculine accusative
- (few dialects) feminine dative
Usage notesEdit
- (masculine): Three territories must be distinguished: 1.) Ripuarian, in which the accusative takes the form of the nominative; 2.) western Moselle Franconian, in which the nominative takes the form of the accusative; 3.) eastern Moselle Franconian, in which nominative and accusative are distinct.
- 1.) In Ripuarian, the reduced masculine article in nominative and accusative is de only in a few places, including Bonn; most dialects have der. The full form is always dä.
- 2.) In western Moselle Franconian, the form is de, but becomes den before vowels, h-, and dental consonants. The full form is dän.
- 3.) In eastern Moselle Franconian, the reduced masculine article in the nominative is de in many dialects, der in others. The full form is där. The accusative takes den (full form: dän).
- (feminine): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced feminine article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in a few dialects of Ripuarian; the general form is der. The full form may be där or dä.
- (plural): Virtually all dialects use de as the reduced plural article in nominative and accusative. The full form is die. In the dative, de is used in most dialects of Ripuarian. In Moselle Franconian the form is the same as the masculine accusative (see above). The full form of the dative plural may be dä, dän, or däne.
- Westernmost Ripuarian has no case distinction whatsoever. Only the nominative forms are relevant for these dialects.
DeclensionEdit
definite article | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative | de (some dialects, also some Ripuarian dialects; reduced) der (some Ripuarian dialects; reduced) dä (Ripuarian; full) |
de (most dialects; reduced) die (most dialects; full) |
de (most dialects; reduced) die (most dialects; full) | |
Genitive | ||||
Dative | de (few dialects; reduced) dä (Ripuarian; full) där (Moselle Franconian; full) |
de (many dialects; reduced) dä (some Ripuarian dialects; full) | ||
Accusative | de (some dialects; reduced) dä (Ripuarian; full) |
de (most dialects; reduced) die (most dialects; full) |
de (most dialects; reduced) die (most dialects; full) |
Ripuarian (scientific transcription by Münich with ę [ɛ] and ꝛ [ʁ]):
Ripuarian definite article | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative | dę | de | ət | de |
Genitive | dęs (rare) | |||
Dative | dęm | dę(ꝛ) | dęm | dę̄ |
Accusative | dę | de | ət | de |
Ripuarian demonstrative pronoun | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative | dę̄ꝛ | dē | dat | dē |
Genitive | des | |||
Dative | dęm | dęꝛ | dęm | mf dęǹə n (fan) dęǹə |
Accusative | dę̄ (dęǹə) | dē | dat | dē |
Ripuarian → Kölsch (as acutally used):
definite article | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative | der, de, dä | die, de | dat, et, -'t | die, de |
Genitive | des | der | des | der |
Dative | dem | der | dem | den |
Accusative | den, dä | die, de | dat, et, -'t | die, de |
QuotationsEdit
- 1875, Fritz Hönig, „Geschräppels.“ Humoresken. Erster Band, p. 34:
- Ha geiht no noh'm Kobes öm Veetel op Aach,
Verzällt imm dä ganzen Hergang der Saach.
- Ha geiht no noh'm Kobes öm Veetel op Aach,
Derived termsEdit
- em (en dem)
ReferencesEdit
- Grammatik der ripuarisch-fränkischen Mundart von Ferdinand Münch. Verlag von Friedrich Cohen, Bonn 1904, p. 138f. & 163f.
CimbrianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- di (Luserna)
ArticleEdit
de
- (Sette Comuni) the; definite article for four declensions:
- nominative singular feminine
- accusative singular feminine
- nominative plural
- De diarn zeint bille un de puuben noch mèeront.
- The girls are silly, and the boys even more so.
- accusative plural
See alsoEdit
Cimbrian definite articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative | dar | de / di | 's / z | de / di |
Accusative | in | de / di | 's / z | de / di |
Dative | me | dar | me | in |
ReferencesEdit
- “de” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
DalmatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
Related termsEdit
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Danish thē, from Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai.
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
de pl
- plural definite article
- de grønne huse
- the green houses
- de grønne huse
See alsoEdit
PronounEdit
de (as a personal pronoun, it has the forms dem in the oblique case and deres in the genitive; as a determiner, it is uninflected)
- (personal pronoun) they (third-person plural)
- (personal pronoun, nonstandard) they (gender-neutral third-person singular)
- (determiner) those
- De kager smager ikke godt.
- Those cakes taste not good.
- 2000, Mon farven har en anden lyd?: strejftog i 90'ernes musikliv og ungdomskultur i Danmark, Museum Tusculanum Press →ISBN, page 90
- De huse er meget store, både som sommerhuse og som helårshuse for de gamle hvis de flytter tilbage som pensionister uden børnene.
- Those houses are very large, both as summerhouses and all-year-houses for the old people, if they move back, being retired, without their children.
- 2015, Lynne Graham, Claire Baxter, Den lunefulde kærlighed/Min bedste ven, min elskede, Förlaget Harlequin AB →ISBN
- De borde var normalt forbeholdt VIP'erne og arrangørerne.
- Those tables were usually reserved for the VIP's and the arrangers.
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | mig | min | mit | mine |
Second | modern / informal | du | dig | din | dit | dine | |
formal | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
Third | masculine (person) | han | ham | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hun | hende | hendes | ||||
common(noun) | den | dens | |||||
neuter(noun) | det | dets | |||||
reflexive | – | sig | sin | sit | sine | ||
Plural | First | modern | vi | os | vores | ||
archaic / formal | vor | vort | vore | ||||
Second | – | I | jer | jeres | |||
Third | – | de | dem | deres | |||
reflexive | – | sig |
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die. See die for more information.
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
de
- the (definite article, masculine and feminine singular, plural)
- De man ― The man (masculine singular)
- De vrouw ― The woman (feminine singular)
- Het boek ― The book (neuter singular)
- De boeken ― The books (neuter plural)
- De oude man en de zee. ― The old man and the sea.
Usage notesEdit
- Placed before masculine and feminine nouns in the singular and plural nouns of all genders, indicating a specific person or thing instead of a general case.
InflectionEdit
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative | de | de | het | de |
---|---|---|---|---|
Genitive | des | der | des | der |
Dative | den | der | den | den |
Accusative | den | de | het | de |
- There is also the clitic form 's for des. The oblique cases are archaic and found in contemporary Dutch only in fixed idiomatic phrases (e.g., op den duur or des ochtends).
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
See alsoEdit
AnagramsEdit
EsperantoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin dē, French de, Spanish de.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
FalaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Galician-Portuguese de, from Latin dē (“of; from”).
PrepositionEdit
de
- of
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Chapter 1: Lengua Española:
- Español falan millós de persoas.
- Millions of people speak Spanish.
Usage notesEdit
- When followed by the articles u/o, a, us/os, as; it contracts to du/do, da, dus/dos, das respectively.
ReferencesEdit
FaroeseEdit
NounEdit
de n (genitive singular des, plural de)
- The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.
DeclensionEdit
Declension of de | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n4 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | de | deið | de | deini |
accusative | de | deið | de | deini |
dative | de, dei | denum | deum | deunum |
genitive | des | desins | dea | deanna |
See alsoEdit
FrenchEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle French de, from Old French de, from Latin dē.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
- of (expresses belonging)
- 1837, Louis Viardot, chapter I, in L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra:
- Dans une bourgade de la Manche, dont je ne veux pas me rappeler le nom, vivait, il n’y a pas longtemps, un hidalgo ....
- In a village of La Mancha, whose name I do not want to remember, lived, not long ago, an hidalgo ....
- Paris est la capitale de la France. ― Paris is the capital of France.
- of (used to express property or association)
- Œuvres de Fermat ― Fermat’s Works
- Elle est la femme de mon ami. ― She is my friend’s wife.
- le voisin de Gabriel ― Gabriel's neighbor
- from (used to indicate origin)
- Elle vient de France. ― She comes from France.
- Êtes-vous de Suisse ? ― Are you from Switzerland?
- Ce fromage vient d’Espagne. ― This cheese is from Spain.
- C’est de l’ouest de la France. ― It’s from the west of France.
- Le train va de Paris à Bordeaux. ― The train goes from Paris to Bordeaux.
- of (indicates an amount)
- 5 kilos de pommes. ― 5 kilograms of apples.
- Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine
- Une portion de frites ― A portion of fries
- used attributively, often translated into English as a compound word
- Un jus de pomme ― Apple juice
- Un verre de vin ― A glass of wine
- Une boîte de nuit ― A nightclub
- Un chien de garde ― A guarddog
- Une voiture de sport ― A sportscar
- Un stade de football ― A football stadium
- from (used to indicate the start of a time or range)
- De 9:00 à 11:00 je ne serai pas libre. ― From 9 to 11 I won’t be free.
- Je travaille de huit heures à midi. ― I work from 8 o'clock to noon.
- un groupe de cinq à huit personnes ― a group of [from] five to eight people
- used after certain verbs before an infinitive, often translated into English as a gerund or an infinitive
- by (indicates the amount of change)
- Boire trois tasses par jour réduirait de 20 % les risques de contracter une maladie. ― Drinking three cups a day would reduce the risks of catching an illness by 20%.
Usage notesEdit
Before a word beginning with a vowel sound, de elides to d’. Before the article le, it contracts with the article into du. Before the article les, it contracts with the article into des.
- Le Songe d’une nuit d’été' ― A Midsummer Night’s Dream (literally, “The Dream of a night of summer”)
- La queue du chien ― The dog’s tail
- Index des auteurs ― Index of the authors
ArticleEdit
de (indefinite)
- Used in the plural with prepositioned adjectives.
- Ce sont de bons enfants. ― They are good children.
- Il y a d’autres exemples. ― There are other examples.
- Used in negated sentences with the grammatical object.
- Elle n’a pas de mère. ― She doesn’t have a mother.
- Il ne mange pas de viande. ― He doesn’t eat meat.
- Il n’y a pas de problèmes. ― There are no problems.
Usage notesEdit
- In negative sentences, de often replaces the indefinite (un, une and des) and partitive articles (du, de la, des). However, there are situations where the indefinite or partitive articles are retained. For example[1]:
- when the nominal element is an attributive complement to the negated verb être
- Il n'est pas un menteur. ― He isn't a liar.
- when the complement of the negated verb is followed by a contradistinctive element (not X, but Y)
- Il ne mange pas de viande. ― He doesn't eat meat.
- Il ne mange pas de la viande, mais du pain. ― He doesn't eat meat, but bread.
- when the nominal element is an attributive complement to the negated verb être
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
de f (plural des)
- Abbreviation of dame.
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “de”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
GalicianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
- of, from
- Veño de Lugo.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- of; -'s (belonging to)
- Socorro é a avoa de Clara e de Daniel.
- Socorro is Clara and Daniel's grandmother
Usage notesEdit
The preposition de contracts to d- before articles, before third-person tonic pronouns, and before the determiners algún and outro.
Derived termsEdit
- | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Masculine | do | dos |
Feminine | da | das |
- | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Masculine | del | deles |
Feminine | dela | delas |
Further readingEdit
- “de” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
Haitian CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
NumeralEdit
de
HungarianEdit
EtymologyEdit
For the adverbial use, compare Polish ale.
PronunciationEdit
AdverbEdit
de (not comparable)
ConjunctionEdit
de
- but
- Synonyms: viszont, azonban, ám, ugyanakkor, ellenben
- (oh) yes!, surely! (used as a positive contradiction to a negative statement)
- Synonym: de igen
- Nem voltál itt! – De ott voltam. ― You weren’t here! – Yes I was!
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
Further readingEdit
- (adverb): de in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (conjunction): de in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- de in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)
HunsrikEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- te (Wiesemann spelling system)
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
de (definite)
- inflection of där:
- unstressed nominative/accusative singular masculine
- unstressed dative singular feminine
- unstressed dative plural all genders
DeclensionEdit
Further readingEdit
IdoEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from French de and Spanish de.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
- from (indicating departure, dependency, starting point, origin or derivation)
- Me kompris la frukti de la merkato.
- I bought the fruits from the market.
- of (with a noun: indicating measurement, quantity, amount, content)
- Me esis un de kin en la konkurso.
- I was one of five in the competition.
- Me prizas tre multe tasego de kafeo ye la matino.
- I really like a big cup of coffee in the morning.
- of (with an adjective: indicating measurement, dimension)
- Me havas tri boteli plena de aquo.
- I have three bottles of water.
- with a title of nobility
- Rejio de Anglia
- Queen of England
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
NounEdit
de (plural de-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter D/d.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze (Category: io:Latin letter names)
See alsoEdit
- ek (“out of, out from”)
InterlinguaEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
IrishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Irish di (“of, from”).
Alternative formsEdit
- d’ (used before a vowel sound)
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /dʲɛ/, /dʲə/
- (Galway) IPA(key): /ɡə/
- (Ulster, colloquial) IPA(key): /ə/, (before a vowel) /ə j-/[1]
PrepositionEdit
de (plus dative, triggers lenition, used only before consonant sounds)
InflectionEdit
Derived termsEdit
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* |
de mo dem* |
de do ded*, det* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* |
do mo dom* |
do do dod*, dot* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* |
i do id*, it* |
ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* |
le do led*, let* |
lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* |
ó mo óm* |
ó do ód*, ót* |
óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
See also: Category:Irish phrasal verbs with particle (de)
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Irish de (“of/from him”).
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
de (emphatic desean)
- third-person singular masculine of de
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 73
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 19
Further readingEdit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “de”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 de, di”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “de” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “de” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
ItalianEdit
ContractionEdit
de
- Apocopic form of del
- Michael Radford è il regista de "Il postino". ― Michael Radford is the director of "Il Postino".
Usage notesEdit
De is used where del, della, etc, would ordinarily be used, but cannot be because the article is part of the title of a film, book, etc.
See alsoEdit
AnagramsEdit
JapaneseEdit
RomanizationEdit
de
Jersey DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch de (“the”). Cognates include Afrikaans die.
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
de
- the
- 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:
- De v'lôrene zön
- The prodigal (literally "lost") son
- De v'lôrene zön
- 1912, Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsche taal— en letterkunde, volumes 31-32, page 309:
LadinEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
Derived termsEdit
LadinoEdit
PrepositionEdit
de (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling די)
LashiEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Lolo-Burmese [Term?], from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *daj (“do, make”). Cognates include Ao da (“do”) and Lahu te (“do”).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
de
- (transitive) to build
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
de
ReferencesEdit
- Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid[6], Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)
LatinEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Etruscan. Etruscan names of stops were the stop followed by /eː/[1].
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
dē f (indeclinable)
- The name of the letter D.
Coordinate termsEdit
- (Latin-script letter names) littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta
ReferencesEdit
- de in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- de in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- de in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- de in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- de in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
- Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), part III: “Summary of the Ancient Evidence”, page 32: "Clearly there is no question or doubt about the names of the vowels A, E, I, O, U. They are simply long A, long E, etc. (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū). Nor is there any uncertainty with respect to the six mutes B, C, D, G, P, T. Their names are bē, cē, dē, gē, pē, tē (each with a long E). Or about H, K, and Q: they are hā, kā, kū—each, again, with a long vowel sound."
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Italic *dē, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *de. Also in suffixes -dam, -dum, -de, -dō (e.g. quondam, inde, unde, quandō), dōnec, Ancient Greek δέ (dé), δή (dḗ), English to.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
dē (+ ablative)
- of, concerning, about
- actum est de aliquo ― It is over for someone, the fate of someone is sealed
- Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ, Of the introduction of Christianity to Iceland., transl., 1[7]:
- De rebus mathematicis. ― Concerning mathematical things.
- from, away from, down from, out of; in general to indicate the person or place from which any thing is taken, etc., with verbs of taking away, depriving, demanding, requesting, inquiring, buying; as capere, sumere, emere, quaerere, discere, trahere, etc., and their compounds.
- Emere de aliquo. ― To buy from someone.
- Aliquid mercari de aliquo. ― To buy something from someone.
- De aliquo quaerere, quid, etc., C ― To search for someone.
- Saepe hoc audivi de patre. ― I have often heard this from father.
- De mausoleo exaudita vox est. ― A voice was heard from the mausoleum.
- Ut sibi liceret discere id de me. ― Just as he himself permitted for me to learn.
- Hamum de cubiculo ut e navicula jacere. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Brassica de capite et de oculis omnia (mala) deducet. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- De digito anulum detraho. ― From the finger I pull the ring.
- De matris complexu aliquem avellere atque abstrahere. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example) (literally, “I rip someone away from the embrace of their mother and drag them away.”)
- Nomen suum de tabula sustulit. ― He removed his name from the tablet.
- Ferrum de manibus extorsimus. ― We tore the sword from their hands.
- Juris utilitas vel a peritis vel de libris depromi potest. ― The utility of a law is able to be produced either from an expert or from books.
- De caelo aliquid demittere. ― To bring down something from the sky.
- with petere, of a place
- De vicino terra petita solo. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- (Late Latin) of persons
- Peto de te. ― I beg of thee.
- from, away from, to indicate the place from which someone or something departs or withdraws.
- Animam de corpore mitto. ― I release the spirit from the body.
- Aliquo quom jam sucus de corpore cessit. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- Civitati persuasit, ut de finibus suis cum omnibus copiis exirent. ― He persuaded the people to go forth from their territories with all their possessions.
- Decedere de provincia. ― To retire from office.
- De vita decedere. ― To withdraw from life
- Exire de vita. ― to exit out of life.(compare excedere e vita)
- De triclinio, de cubiculo exire. ― To go out from the triclinium, from the cubiculum.
- De castris procedere. ― To proceed out of the military camps.
- ...decido de lecto praeceps. ― I fall down from the bed headlong.
- De muro se deicere. ― To throw oneself down from the wall.
- De sella exsilire. ― To jump from the stool.
- Nec ex equo vel de muro etc., hostem destinare. ― To aim at the enemy from neither the horse nor the wall.
- De altera parte tertia Sequanos decedere juberet. ― He ordered the Sequani to withdraw from another third part.
Usage notesEdit
- Dē denotes the going out, departure, removal, or separating of an object from any fixed point (it occupies a middle place between ab (“away from”) which denotes a mere external departure, and ex (“out of”) which signifies from the interior of a thing). Hence verbs compounded with dē are constructed not only with dē, but quite as frequently with ab and ex; and, on the other hand, those compounded with ab and ex often have the terminus a quo indicated by dē.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Aragonese: de
- Asturian: de
- Aromanian: di
- Old Catalan: de
- Catalan: de
- Corsican: di
- Dalmatian: de
- → Esperanto: de
- Franco-Provençal: de
- Old French: de
- Friulian: di
- Old Galician-Portuguese: de
- → Ido: de
- → Interlingua: de
- Italian: di
- Ladin: de
- Ladino: de
- Mozarabic: ذي (ḏī)
- Neapolitan: 'e
- Old Occitan: de
- Occitan: de
- Romanian: de
- Romansch: da
- Sicilian: di
- Old Spanish: de
- Spanish: de
LigurianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PrepositionEdit
de
Etymology 2Edit
de (“of, from”, preposition) + e (“the (fem. plur.)”, article)
ContractionEdit
de
Low GermanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- dee (for the pronoun)
- dei
- de, dé (´ denoting a raising of the voice), dè (` denoting a swallow up or shorting) (all three used together; Grafschaft Bentheim)
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Low German dê, from Old Saxon thē.
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
de m or f (neuter dat, plural de)
- the
- De Mann gat hen. ― The man walks [lit. goes] there.
- De Fru geiht hen. ― The woman walks [lit. goes] there.
- dat Sakramänt der Eihe (Paderbornisch) ― the sacrament of marriage
Usage notesEdit
- Dative and accusative are sometimes called 'object case'. However, most (if not all) dialects have not actually merged these two.
- There is the only plural article and like English 'the' is used for nouns of every gender and class. Indefinite nouns in plural are used without article, again as in English.
DeclensionEdit
Sg. m. | Sg. f. | Sg. n. | Pl. | |
Nom. | de | de | dat | de |
Gen. | des | der | der | |
Dat. | dem den |
der de |
den | |
Acc. | den | de | dat | de |
PronounEdit
de m or f (neuter dat)
- (relative) which, that
- de Mann, de dår güng ― the man, which walked there
- de Mann, den wi hüert häbben ― the man, which we hired
- de Fru, de wi hüert hębben ― the woman, which we have hired
- dat Schipp, dat wi sailt hębben ― the ship that we have sailed
Usage notesEdit
- The use as a relative pronoun might not be present in all dialects.
DeclensionEdit
Sg. m. | Sg. f. | Sg. n. | Pl. | |
Nom. | de | de | dat | de |
Gen. | ||||
Dat. | ||||
Acc. | den | de | dat | de |
LuxembourgishEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
de
- unstressed form of du
DeclensionEdit
nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | ||||
1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | ||
2nd person singular (formal) |
Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | ||
3rd person singular | m | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |
f | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | ||
n | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | ||
1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | ||
2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | ||
3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 地
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 底
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 得
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 的
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 脦
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 𠵨
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of の
de
Usage notesEdit
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Mauritian CreoleEdit
< 1 | 2 | 3 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : de Ordinal : deziem Adverbial : ledoub | ||
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
de
Derived termsEdit
Middle DutchEdit
ArticleEdit
de
- inflection of die:
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PronounEdit
de
- Alternative form of þe (“thee”)
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
de
- Alternative form of dee
Middle FrenchEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
MirandeseEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
MòchenoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German diu, from Old High German diu, from Proto-Germanic *þō, an alteration of *sō. Cognate with German die, obsolete English tho.
ArticleEdit
de (singular masculine der, singular neuter s)
- the, nominative singular feminine definite article
- the, nominative plural definite article
ReferencesEdit
- “de” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Northern KurdishEdit
PostpositionEdit
de
- an element of several circumpositions
Related termsEdit
Northern NdebeleEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.
AdjectiveEdit
-de
InflectionEdit
Adjective concord, tone L | ||
---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |
1st singular | engimude | ngimude |
2nd singular | omude | umude |
1st plural | esibade | sibade |
2nd plural | elibade | libade |
Class 1 | omude | mude |
Class 2 | abade | bade |
Class 3 | omude | mude |
Class 4 | emide | mide |
Class 5 | elide | lide |
Class 6 | amade | made |
Class 7 | eside | side |
Class 8 | ezinde | zinde |
Class 9 | ende | inde |
Class 10 | ezinde | zinde |
Class 11 | olude | lude |
Class 14 | obude | bude |
Class 15 | okude | kude |
Class 17 | okude | kude |
Northern SamiEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
de
- then, after that
- then, in that case
Further readingEdit
- Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[8], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
AdverbEdit
de
Norwegian BokmålEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
de
- definite article, equivalent to "the", used before adjectives used with plural nouns; also used before adjectives converted to nouns. Usually capitalised as "De" when used in proper nouns.
Related termsEdit
PronounEdit
de (accusative dem, genitive deres)
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
feminine | masculine | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
Second | – | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine | |
Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | ||||
masculine (person) | han | ham / han | hans | |||||
feminine (noun) | den | dens | ||||||
masculine (noun) | ||||||||
neuter (noun) | det | dets | ||||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine | ||
Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vårt | våre | |
Second | – | dere | deres | |||||
Third | general | de | dem | deres | ||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |
ReferencesEdit
- “de” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse þér, ér and þit, it. From a variant of Proto-Germanic *jūz, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
de (objective case dykk, possessive dykkar)
- you (second-person plural)
SynonymsEdit
See alsoEdit
person | first person | second person | reflexive | third person | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
case | singular | singular masculine | singular feminine | singular neuter | ||
nominative | eg, je1 | du | han | ho | det, dat2 | |
accusative | meg | deg | seg | han, honom2 | ho, henne2 | det, dat2 |
dative2 | meg | deg | seg | honom | henne | di2 |
genitive | min | din | sin | hans | hennar, hennes1 | dess3 |
case | plural | |||||
nominative | me, vi | de, dokker | dei | |||
accusative | oss, okk | dykk, dokker | seg | dei, deim2 | ||
dative | oss, okk | dykk, dokker | seg | deim2 | ||
genitive | vår, okkar | dykkar, dokkar | sin | deira, deires1 |
Etymology 2Edit
PrepositionEdit
de
Etymology 3Edit
PronounEdit
de
- (Midlandsnormalen or eye dialect) alternative spelling of det n (“that, it”)
ArticleEdit
de n
- (Midlandsnormalen or eye dialect) alternative spelling of det n (“that, it”)
Etymology 4Edit
PronounEdit
de
- (dialectal or eye dialect, Trøndelag, Eastern Norway) pronunciation spelling of deg
ReferencesEdit
- “de” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
- “de” in Ivar Aasen (1873) Norsk Ordbog med dansk Forklaring
- Ivar Aasen (1850), “did”, in Ordbog over det norske Folkesprog, Oslo: Samlaget, published 2000
NupeEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
de
- to have
- Mi de etun à ― I don't have a job
OccitanEdit
Etymology 1Edit
PrepositionEdit
de
Alternative formsEdit
- d' (before a vowel)
Etymology 2Edit
NounEdit
de f (plural des)
- dee (the letter d, D)
Old FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
Usage notesEdit
- before a vowel, either remains as a separate word or becomes d'
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Old Galician-PortugueseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- d- (elided form when followed by a word which begins with a vowel)
- D- (elided form when followed by a capitalised word which begins with a vowel)
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
- of
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, To codex, cantiga 5 (facsimile):
- Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.
- This 19th is how Holy Mary helped the empress of Rome suffer the great pains she underwent.
- Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.
DescendantsEdit
Old IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
- Alternative form of di (“of, from”)
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
- De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
- Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
PronounEdit
de
- third-person singular masculine/neuter of di (“of, from”)
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
- De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
- Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
- Used after the comparative degree of an adjective in the meaning of English “the” before a comparative
- lía de ― the more (literally, “more of it”)
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 23d23
- Cía thés hí loc bes ardu, ní ardu de; ní samlid són dúnni, air ⟨im⟩mi ardu-ni de tri dul isna lucu arda.
- Though he may go into a higher place, he is not the higher; this is not the case for us, for we are the higher through going into the high places.
- (literally, “Though he may go into a place that is higher, he is not higher of it; this is not thus for us, for we are higher of it through going into the high places.”)
Old OccitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
Pennsylvania GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
de pl (definite)
DeclensionEdit
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | der | die | es | die |
Accusative | der | die | es | die |
Dative | dem | der | em | de |
PronounEdit
de
DeclensionEdit
Nominative | Accusative | Dative | |
---|---|---|---|
1st - Singular | ich | mich | mir mer (unstressed) |
2nd - Singular | du de (unstressed) |
dich | dir der (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Masculine | er | ihn en (unstressed) |
ihm em (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Feminine | sie se (unstressed) |
sie se (unstressed) |
ihre re (unstressed) |
3rd - Singular Neuter | es | es | ihm em (unstressed) |
1st - Plural | mir mer (unstressed) |
uns | uns |
2nd - Plural | dihr der (unstressed) |
eich | eich |
3rd - Plural | sie | sie | ihne ne (unstressed) |
2nd - Polite | Sie | Sie | Ihne Ne (unstressed) |
PhaluraEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
de (auxiliary, Perso-Arabic spelling دےۡ)
- Past tense marker
ReferencesEdit
PortugueseEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- d' (archaic, except for fixed terms)
EtymologyEdit
From Old Galician-Portuguese de (“of”), from Latin dē (“of”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
- of (in relation to)
- 2005, J. K. Rowling, Harry Potter e o Enigma do Príncipe [Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince] (Harry Potter; 6), Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, →ISBN, page 138:
- O protesto de Hermione foi abafado por uma risadinha alta.
- Hermione's objection was interrupted by a loud little laugh.
- os amigos dele
- his friends
- (literally, “the friends of him”)
- of (forms compounds; often untranslated)
- fones de ouvido
- headphones
- (literally, “phones of ear”)
- acampamento de verão
- summer camp
- of; about (on the subject of)
- Do que estavam falando?
- What were they talking about?
- of; -'s (belonging to)
- a casa de alguém
- someone's house
- -'s (made by)
- Você provou o bolo da minha mãe?
- have you tried my mother’s cake?
- of (being a part of)
- capa do livro
- cover of the book
- of (introduces the month a given day is part of)
- Primeiro de janeiro.
- First of January.
- of (introduces the object of an agent noun)
- Hitler foi um exterminador de judeus.
- Hitler was an exterminator of Jews.
- of (introduces the name of a place following its hypernym)
- A vila de Iorque.
- The village of York.
- of; -en (made or consisting of)
- De que é feito?
- What is this made of?
- (literally, “Of what is made this?”)
- -long (having the duration of)
- um filme de duas horas
- a two hour-long movie
- of (indicates the composition of a given collective or quantitative noun)
- Milhares de pessoas vieram.
- Thousands of people came.
- of (characterised by; having the given quality)
- O templo não é mais um local de paz.
- The temple is no longer a place of peace.
- of (introduces the noun that applies a given adjective or past participle)
- Um balde cheio de água.
- A bucket full of water.
- from (born in or coming out of)
- De onde você é?
- Where are you from?
- by means of; by
- Eu sempre vou trabalhar de ônibus.
- I always go to work by bus.
- as (in the role of)
- Na festa, ele estava de bruxo.
- At the party, he was dressed as a wizard.
- in (wearing)
- Homens de Preto
- Men in Black
Usage notesEdit
Used in the following contractions:
- da (de + a)
- dacolá (de + acolá)
- dalgures (de + algures)
- dali (de + ali)
- dalém (de + além)
- dantes (de + antes)
- daquela (de + aquela)
- daquelas (de + aquelas)
- daquele (de + aquele)
- daqueles (de + aqueles)
- daqui (de + aqui)
- daquilo (de + aquilo)
- daquém (de + aquém)
- das (de + as)
- daí (de + aí)
- dela (de + ela)
- delas (de + elas)
- dele (de + ele)
- deles (de + eles)
- dentre (de + entre)
- dessa (de + essa)
- dessas (de + essas)
- desse (de + esse)
- desses (de + esses)
- desta (de + esta)
- destas (de + estas)
- deste (de + este)
- destes (de + estes)
- destoutra (de + estoutra)
- destoutro (de + estoutro)
- disso (de + isso)
- disto (de + isto)
- do (de + o)
- donde (de + onde)
- dos (de + os)
- doutra (de + outra)
- doutras (de + outras)
- doutro (de + outro)
- doutros (de + outros)
- dum (de + um)
- duma (de + uma)
- dumas (de + umas)
- duns (de + uns)
QuotationsEdit
For quotations using this term, see Citations:de.
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
de (+accusative)
- from
- Casa mea nu este departe de aici. ― My house is not far from here.
- of
- o ceașcă de ceai ― a cup of tea
- un profesor de matematică ― a professor of mathematics
- by
- o carte scrisă de Marin Preda. ― a book written by Marin Preda
Derived termsEdit
RomanschEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
de m (plural des)
SardinianEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
- Used to indicate possession, after the thing owned and before the owner; of; ’s
- from
- by, of, ’s
- than
- Used in superlative forms; in, of
- about, on, concerning
- Expresses composition; of, made of, in or more often omitted
- (followed by an infinitive) to or omitted
- Used in some expressions in a partitive-like function, often without article.
Saterland FrisianEdit
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
de
ReferencesEdit
- Pyt Kramer (1996) Kute Seelter Sproakleere[10], Mildam, page 10
Scottish GaelicEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Irish di. Cognates include Irish de and Manx jeh.
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
de (+ dative, triggers lenition)
InflectionEdit
Personal inflection of de | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Simple | Emphatic | ||||||
Singular | 1st | dhìom | dhìomsa | ||||||
2nd | dhìot | dhìotsa | |||||||
3rd m | dheth | dhethsan | |||||||
3rd f | dhith | dhithse | |||||||
Plural | 1st | dhinn | dhinne | ||||||
2nd | dhibh | dhibhse | |||||||
3rd | dhiubh | dhiubhsan |
Derived termsEdit
- bhàrr (“down from, from off”)
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *kъdě, *kъde, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷu-dʰe.
AdverbEdit
de (Cyrillic spelling де)
PronounEdit
de (Cyrillic spelling де)
SynonymsEdit
Seychellois CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
NumeralEdit
de
Southern NdebeleEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.
AdjectiveEdit
-de
InflectionEdit
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
SpanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): (after a pause, 'l', 'm', 'n' and 'ñ') /de/ [d̪e]
- Syllabification: de
- IPA(key): (elsewhere) /de/ [ð̞e̞]
Audio (Latin America) (file) Audio (Spain) (file) - Rhymes: -e
- Homophone: dé
Etymology 1Edit
NounEdit
de f (plural des)
- The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.
Etymology 2Edit
PrepositionEdit
de
- of; ’s; used after the thing owned and before the owner
- Constitución española de 1812
- Spanish constitution of 1812
- la cola del perro
- the dog’s tail
- from (with the source or provenance of or at)
- Soy de España.
- I’m from Spain.
- agua de manantial ― springwater
- of (expressing composition, substance)
- una mesa de madera ― a wooden table
- about (concerning; with regard to)
- of, from (indicating cause)
- Murió de hambre.
- He died of hunger.
- of (indicates a quality or characteristic)
- un hombre de fe
- a man of faith
- from (with the origin, starting point or initial reference of or at)
- Synonym: desde
- el vuelo de Miami a Chicago
- the flight from Miami to Chicago
- of (indicates the subject or cause of the adjective)
- harto de ― sick of; tired of
- from (with the separation, exclusion or differentiation of)
- Nos protege del frío.
- It protects us from the cold.
- than (in certain phrases)
- más de ― more than
- menos de ― less than, fewer than
- Used to construct compound nouns (with attributive nouns).
- campamento de verano
- summer camp
- (followed by the infinitive) Indicates a conditional desire.
- De haberlo sabido, no lo habría dicho.
- If I had known, I wouldn't have said it.
- Indicates a time of day or period of someone's life.
- de día ― during the daytime
- de niño ― as a child; during childhood
- (after a noun and before a verb) Indicates the purpose of an object.
- Synonym: para
- goma de mascar ― chewing gum
- caña de pescar ― fishing rod
Usage notesEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “de”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sranan TongoEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
de
- (copula) to be.
ParticleEdit
de
SwedishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Norse þeir, from Proto-Germanic *þai (with noun ending -r).
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
audio (file) - (Sweden) IPA(key): /dɔm/, (formal) /deː/, (dialectal) /diː/, (dialectal) /dɪ/
- Homophone: dem (if pronounced /dɔm/)
- Homophones: det, D, d (if pronounced /deː/.)
- (Finland) IPA(key): /diː/
- Rhymes: -ɔm, -eː
PronounEdit
de (third-person plural nominative, dative and accusative dem, genitive deras, reflexive sig)
Usage notesEdit
In most dialects, de (“they”) and dem (“them”) are no longer distinguished in speech. They are regularly mixed up in writing by native speakers, due to lack of grammatical intuition. The article de is often mixed up with dem as well.
DeclensionEdit
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
ArticleEdit
de
- the, a definite article used in the beginning of noun phrases containing attributive adjectives and nouns in the plural. This article is used together with the definite suffix of the noun to indicate the definiteness of the noun phrase.
- de gröna bilarna ― the green cars
Usage notesEdit
The same type of noun phrases with singular nouns instead use den (common gender) or det (neuter) for this function. Some definite noun phrases with attributive adjectives may skip these preceding articles. This is the case especially for many lexicalized noun phrases and also for many noun phrases working as proper names of organisations, geographical places, TV shows, events and similar.
- Brittiska öarna
- The British Isles
While the personal pronoun de has an object form and a genitive form, the definite article de is unaffected by the syntactic role of the noun phrase.
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From the common pronunciation of this word.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
de
ArticleEdit
de
AnagramsEdit
TabaruEdit
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
de
- coordinating conjunction between two nouns: and
- 'o 'esa de 'o dea ― mother and father
- coordinating conjunction between two clauses: and
- 'una wigogama de witirine ― he is feverish and he trembles
ReferencesEdit
- Edward A. Kotynski (1988), “Tabaru phonology and morphology”, in Work Papers of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of North Dakota Session, volume 32, Summer Institute of Linguistics
TagalogEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Spanish de (“of”).
PronunciationEdit
PrepositionEdit
de (Baybayin spelling ᜇᜒ)
See alsoEdit
TarantinoEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
Tok PisinEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
de
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
TurkishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Ottoman Turkish ده (da, de, “conj. also, and, moreover, again”)[1], from Proto-Turkic *tākı (“conj. and”)[2][3].
ConjunctionEdit
de
- as well, too, also
- Özer de sorunun yanıtını biliyor. ― Özer also knows the answer of the question.
- Berker de bizimle geliyor. ― Berker is coming with us as well.
- Utku da dondurma yemeyi sever. ― Utku likes eating ice cream, too.
Usage notesEdit
- Complies with vowel harmony; takes the form da with vowels "a, ı, o, u" and de with vowels "e, i, ö, ü."
Etymology 2Edit
VerbEdit
de
Etymology 3Edit
NounEdit
de
- The name of the Latin-script letter D/d.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin script letter names) harf; a, be, ce, çe, de, e, fe, ge, yumuşak ge, he, ı, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, ö, pe, re, se, şe, te, u, ü, ve, ye, ze (Category: tr:Latin letter names)
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890), “ده”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 929
- ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*d(i)akɨ”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “de”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Further readingEdit
- "Bağlaç Olan da, de’nin Yazılışı" - at TDK Sözlük
VolapükEdit
PrepositionEdit
de
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Contraction of older deau (“right; south”), from Proto-Celtic *dexsos (“right”). Cognate with Cornish dyhow, Breton dehou, Irish deas, Scottish Gaelic deas, Manx jiass.
The sense "south" comes from the fact that the south is on the right-hand side of a person facing east.[1] Compare the relationship between cledd (“left”) and gogledd (“north”).
AdjectiveEdit
de (feminine singular de, plural de, not comparable)
Derived termsEdit
- Môr y De (“the South Sea”)
- Pegwn y De (“the South Pole”)
NounEdit
de m or f (uncountable)
Usage notesEdit
- The noun has masculine gender when used with the sense of "south" and feminine gender when used with the sense "right".
MutationEdit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
de | dde | ne | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
AntonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
- de-ddwyrain (“south-east”)
- de-orllewin (“south-west”)
See alsoEdit
- (compass points)
gogledd | ||
gorllewin | dwyrain | |
de |
ReferencesEdit
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
NounEdit
de
- Soft mutation of te.
MutationEdit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
te | de | nhe | the |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
West FrisianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Compare Dutch and Low German de, English the, German der.
DeterminerEdit
de
- the; definite article
- Ik hâld de boek. ― I'm holding the book.
Usage notesEdit
After one-syllable prepositions ending in a consonant, the variant 'e is used.
InflectionEdit
- Common singular: de
- Neuter singular: it
- Plural: de
Further readingEdit
- “de”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
West MakianEdit
EtymologyEdit
Possibly related to the stem found in Ternate ngori.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
de (possessive prefix ti)
- first-person singular pronoun, I
See alsoEdit
independent | possessive prefix | |
---|---|---|
1st person singular | de | ti |
2nd person singular | ni | ni |
3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. |
1st person plural inclusive | ene | nV |
1st person plural exclusive | imi | mi |
2nd person plural | ini | fi |
3rd person plural | eme | di |
- V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
ReferencesEdit
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[11], Pacific linguistics
WyandotEdit
EtymologyEdit
ArticleEdit
de
XhosaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *-dàì.
AdjectiveEdit
-de
InflectionEdit
Adjective concord, tone L | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |||
positive | negative | positive | negative | |
1st singular | endimde | endingemde | ndimde | andimde |
2nd singular | omde | ongemde | umde | awumde |
1st plural | esibade | esingebade | sibade | asibade |
2nd plural | enibade | eningebade | nibade | anibade |
Class 1 | omde | ongemde | mde | akamde |
Class 2 | abade | abangebade | bade | ababade |
Class 3 | omde | ongemde | mde | awumde |
Class 4 | emide | engemide | mide | ayimide |
Class 5 | elide | elingelide | lide | alilide |
Class 6 | amade | angemade | made | awamade |
Class 7 | eside | esingeside | side | asiside |
Class 8 | ezinde | ezingezinde | zinde | azizinde |
Class 9 | ende | engende | inde | ayiyinde |
Class 10 | ezinde | ezingezinde | zinde | azizinde |
Class 11 | olude | olungelude | lude | alulude |
Class 14 | obude | obungebude | bude | abubude |
Class 15 | okude | okungekude | kude | akukude |
Class 17 | okude | okungekude | kude | akukude |
YorubaEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- دعِ
Etymology 1Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dè
- (transitive) to tie down, to constrain
- Mo dè é lọ́wọ́ àti lẹ́sẹ̀ ― I tied him on both his hands and legs
- to embroider
- Mo de ọrùn aṣọ náà ― I embroided the neck of the clothes
Usage notesEdit
- de when coming before a direct object
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dè
- (intransitive) to deputize, to hold a position for someone temporarily
- Ó ń de ipò fún mi ― He was deputizing my position for me
Usage notesEdit
- Usually used with the word ipò (“position”)
- de when coming before a direct object
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dè
- (transitive) to await, to wait for
- Mo jókòó dè é ― I sat down and waited for him
Usage notesEdit
- de when coming before a direct object noun
- Used as a verb-second element
Etymology 4Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dé
- (intransitive, copulative) to arrive
- A ti dé ― We have arrived
- (transitive) to attain, to reach a particular point
Derived termsEdit
PrepositionEdit
dé
Etymology 5Edit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
dé
- (transitive) to cover, to wear a hat
Derived termsEdit
ZandeEdit
NounEdit
de
ZealandicEdit
EtymologyEdit
An unstressed variety of Middle Dutch die.
DeterminerEdit
de
- the (definite article)
InflectionEdit
ZhuangEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
PronunciationEdit
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /te˨˦/
- Tone numbers: de1
- Hyphenation: de
PronounEdit
de (Sawndip forms 他 or 𬿇 or 𭶼 or 爹 or 佚 or 𰂡, 1957–1982 spelling de)
See alsoEdit
Standard Zhuang personal pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
Person | Singular | Plural | |
1st | exclusive | gou | dou |
inclusive | raeuz | ||
2nd | mwngz | sou | |
3rd | de | gyoengqde |
ZuluEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Bantu *-dàì. The expected reflex would be -le, however it was changed due to analogy with its class 8, 9, and 10 forms (zinde, inde, zinde).
AdjectiveEdit
-de
InflectionEdit
Adjective concord, tone L | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Modifier | Copulative | |||
positive | negative | positive | negative | |
1st singular | engimude | engingemude | ngimude | angimude |
2nd singular | omude | ongemude | umude | awumude |
1st plural | esibade | esingebade | sibade | asibade |
2nd plural | enibade | eningebade | nibade | anibade |
Class 1 | omude | ongemude | mude | akamude |
Class 2 | abade | abangebade | bade | ababade |
Class 3 | omude | ongemude | mude | awumude |
Class 4 | emide | engemide | mide | ayimide |
Class 5 | elide | elingelide | lide | alilide |
Class 6 | amade | angemade | made | awamade |
Class 7 | eside | esingeside | side | asiside |
Class 8 | ezinde | ezingezinde | zinde | azizinde |
Class 9 | ende | engende, engeyinde | inde, yinde | ayiyinde |
Class 10 | ezinde | ezingezinde | zinde | azizinde |
Class 11 | olude | olungelude | lude | alulude |
Class 14 | obude | obungebude | bude | abubude |
Class 15 | okude | okungekude | kude | akukude |
Class 17 | okude | okungekude | kude | akukude |
Derived termsEdit
VerbEdit
-de
InflectionEdit
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
ReferencesEdit
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-dé”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-dé”
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “-de”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-de”
ǃKungEdit
NounEdit
de