αἰχμάλωτος

See also: αιχμάλωτος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From αἰχμᾰλόω (aikhmalóō, “to take prisoner”) +‎ -τος (-tos), from αἰχμή (aikhmḗ, “spear, war”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ai̯kʰ.má.lɔː.tos/ → /ɛxˈma.lo.tos/ → /exˈma.lo.tos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ai̯kʰ.má.lɔː.tos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɛkʰˈma.lo.tos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɛxˈma.lo.tos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /exˈma.lo.tos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /exˈma.lo.tos/

Adjective

αἰχμᾰ́λωτος • (aikhmálōtos) m or f (neuter αἰχμᾰ́λωτον); second declension (Attic, Ionic, Doric)

1. captured, taken prisoner in war
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 6.79:

     ἄποινα δὲ ἐστὶ Πελοποννησίοισι δύο μνέαι τεταγμέναι κατ’ ἄνδρα αἰχμάλωτον ἐκτίνειν.

     ápoina dè estì Peloponnēsíoisi dúo mnéai tetagménai kat’ ándra aikhmálōton ektínein.

     • 1920 translation by A. D. Godley

       Among the Peloponnesians there is a fixed ransom of two minae to be paid for every prisoner.

   • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Fragments 223

Declension

Second declension of αἰχμᾰ́λωτος; αἰχμᾰ́λωτον (Attic)

Number		Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter		Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative		αἰχμᾰ́λωτος aikhmálōtos	αἰχμᾰ́λωτον aikhmálōton		αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmalṓtō	αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmalṓtō		αἰχμᾰ́λωτοι aikhmálōtoi	αἰχμᾰ́λωτᾰ aikhmálōta
Genitive		αἰχμᾰλώτου aikhmalṓtou	αἰχμᾰλώτου aikhmalṓtou		αἰχμᾰλώτοιν aikhmalṓtoin	αἰχμᾰλώτοιν aikhmalṓtoin		αἰχμᾰλώτων aikhmalṓtōn	αἰχμᾰλώτων aikhmalṓtōn
Dative		αἰχμᾰλώτῳ aikhmalṓtōi	αἰχμᾰλώτῳ aikhmalṓtōi		αἰχμᾰλώτοιν aikhmalṓtoin	αἰχμᾰλώτοιν aikhmalṓtoin		αἰχμᾰλώτοις aikhmalṓtois	αἰχμᾰλώτοις aikhmalṓtois
Accusative		αἰχμᾰ́λωτον aikhmálōton	αἰχμᾰ́λωτον aikhmálōton		αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmalṓtō	αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmalṓtō		αἰχμᾰλώτους aikhmalṓtous	αἰχμᾰ́λωτᾰ aikhmálōta
Vocative		αἰχμᾰ́λωτε aikhmálōte	αἰχμᾰ́λωτον aikhmálōton		αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmalṓtō	αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmalṓtō		αἰχμᾰ́λωτοι aikhmálōtoi	αἰχμᾰ́λωτᾰ aikhmálōta
Notes:		This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• αἰχμᾰ́λωτᾰ (aikhmálōta)

Noun

αἰχμᾰ́λωτος • (aikhmálōtos) m or f (genitive αἰχμᾰλώτου); second declension

1. prisoner of war
   • 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.70.1:

     Οἱ γὰρ Κερκυραῖοι ἐστασίαζον, ἐπειδὴ οἱ αἰχμάλωτοι ἦλθον αὐτοῖς οἱ ἐκ τῶν περὶ Ἐπίδαμνον ναυμαχιῶν ὑπὸ Κορινθίων ἀφεθέντες

     Hoi gàr Kerkuraîoi estasíazon, epeidḕ hoi aikhmálōtoi êlthon autoîs hoi ek tôn perì Epídamnon naumakhiôn hupò Korinthíōn aphethéntes

     • 1881 translation by Benjamin Jowett

       Now Corcyra had been in an unsettled state ever since the return of the prisoners who were taken at sea in the Epidamnian war, and afterwards released by the Corinthians.

Declension

Second declension of ὁ, ἡ αἰχμᾰ́λωτος; τοῦ, τῆς αἰχμᾰλώτου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ, ἡ αἰχμᾰ́λωτος ho, hē aikhmálōtos	τὼ αἰχμᾰλώτω tṑ aikhmalṓtō	οἱ, αἱ αἰχμᾰ́λωτοι hoi, hai aikhmálōtoi
Genitive	τοῦ, τῆς αἰχμᾰλώτου toû, tês aikhmalṓtou	τοῖν αἰχμᾰλώτοιν toîn aikhmalṓtoin	τῶν αἰχμᾰλώτων tôn aikhmalṓtōn
Dative	τῷ, τῇ αἰχμᾰλώτῳ tôi, têi aikhmalṓtōi	τοῖν αἰχμᾰλώτοιν toîn aikhmalṓtoin	τοῖς, ταῖς αἰχμᾰλώτοις toîs, taîs aikhmalṓtois
Accusative	τὸν, τὴν αἰχμᾰ́λωτον tòn, tḕn aikhmálōton	τὼ αἰχμᾰλώτω tṑ aikhmalṓtō	τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς αἰχμᾰλώτους toùs, tā̀s aikhmalṓtous
Vocative	αἰχμᾰ́λωτε aikhmálōte	αἰχμᾰλώτω aikhmalṓtō	αἰχμᾰ́λωτοι aikhmálōtoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.