γαστήρ
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editTraditionally derived from a dissimilation of an unattested earlier *γρᾰστήρ (*grastḗr, “devourer”), from γρᾰ́ω (gráō, “to gnaw, eat”) + -τήρ (-tḗr, agent noun suffix). If so, Sanskrit ग्रस्तर् (grastar, “(astronomy) eclipser (originally "devourer")”) would be an exact cognate; for a semantic parallel to the Sanskrit term, compare Chinese 蝕/蚀 (shí, “to corrode, eclipse”), which is derived from 食 (shí, “to eat”).
However, Beekes is skeptical of the semantics (it is somewhat of a stretch to consider the belly as an "eater"), and tentatively prefers a derivation from *gnt-tēr, with *-tt- > -st-, comparing γέντα (génta, “intestines”) (which itself is of unclear origin).[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡas.tɛ̌ːr/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ɡasˈte̝r/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɣasˈtir/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ɣasˈtir/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ɣasˈtir/
Noun
editγᾰστήρ • (gastḗr) f (genitive γᾰστέρος or γᾰστρός); third declension
- paunch, belly, hollow, wide part
- (anatomy) womb
- 6th century BC, Theognis of Megara, Elegies 305:
- Τοὶ κακοὶ οὐ πάντες κακοὶ ἐκ γαστρὸς γεγόνασιν, […]
- Toì kakoì ou pántes kakoì ek gastròs gegónasin, […]
- Τοὶ κακοὶ οὐ πάντες κακοὶ ἐκ γαστρὸς γεγόνασιν, […]
Usage notes
editThe root of γᾰστήρ (gastḗr) contains an ε (e) between τ (t) and ρ (r) which is often syncopated, leading to alternative forms such as genitive singular γᾰστέρος (gastéros) and γᾰστρός (gastrós), dative singular γᾰστέρῐ (gastéri) and γᾰστρῐ́ (gastrí), dative plural γᾰστῆρσῐ (gastêrsi) and γᾰστρᾰ́σῐ (gastrási). The syncopated form is generally more common in forms with long suffixes, such as the aforementioned. The inflection table below lists the more common forms.
Inflection
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ γᾰστήρ hē gastḗr |
τὼ γᾰστέρε tṑ gastére |
αἱ γᾰστέρες hai gastéres | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς γᾰστέρος / γᾰστρός tês gastéros / gastrós |
τοῖν γᾰστέροιν toîn gastéroin |
τῶν γᾰστέρων tôn gastérōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ γᾰστέρῐ / γᾰστρῐ́ têi gastéri / gastrí |
τοῖν γᾰστέροιν toîn gastéroin |
ταῖς γᾰστῆρσῐ / γᾰστῆρσῐν / γᾰστρᾰ́σῐ / γᾰστρᾰ́σῐν taîs gastêrsi(n) / gastrási(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν γᾰστέρᾰ tḕn gastéra |
τὼ γᾰστέρε tṑ gastére |
τᾱ̀ς γᾰστέρᾰς tā̀s gastéras | ||||||||||
Vocative | γᾰστήρ gastḗr |
γᾰστέρε gastére |
γᾰστέρες gastéres | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
edit- γᾰστεροπλήξ (gasteroplḗx)
- γᾰ́στρᾰ (gástra)
- γᾰστραίᾱ (gastraíā)
- γᾰστρᾰφέτης (gastraphétēs)
- γᾰστρῐ́δῐον (gastrídion)
- γᾰστρῐ́δουλος (gastrídoulos)
- γᾰστρῐ́ζω (gastrízō)
- γᾰστρῐ́μᾰργος (gastrímargos)
- γᾰστρῐ́ον (gastríon)
- γᾰ́στρῐς (gástris)
- γᾰστροβᾰρής (gastrobarḗs)
- γᾰστροβόρος (gastrobóros)
- γᾰστροειδής (gastroeidḗs)
- γᾰστροιῐ̈́ς (gastroiḯs)
- γᾰστροκνήμη (gastroknḗmē)
- γᾰστρολογῐ́ᾱ (gastrologíā)
- γᾰστρομᾰντεύομαι (gastromanteúomai)
- γᾰστρονομῐ́ᾱ (gastronomíā)
- γᾰστροπῑ́ων (gastropī́ōn)
- γᾰστρόπτης (gastróptēs)
- γᾰστρορρᾰφῐ́ᾱ (gastrorrhaphíā)
- γᾰστρόρροιᾰ (gastrórrhoia)
- γᾰστροτόμος (gastrotómos)
- γᾰστροφόρος (gastrophóros)
- γᾰστροχᾰ́ρῠβδῐς (gastrokhárubdis)
- γᾰστρόχειρ (gastrókheir)
- γᾰστρώδης (gastrṓdēs)
- γᾰ́στρων (gástrōn)
- ἐγγᾰστρῐ́μᾰντῐς (engastrímantis)
- ἐγγᾰστρῐμᾰ́χαιρᾰ (engastrimákhaira)
- ἐγγᾰστρῐ́μῡθος (engastrímūthos)
- ἐγγᾰ́στρῐος (engástrios)
- ἐγγᾰστρῑ́της (engastrī́tēs)
- ἐγγᾰστρόχειρ (engastrókheir)
- ἐκτρᾰπελόγᾰστρος (ektrapelógastros)
- ἐπῐγᾰ́στρῐος (epigástrios)
- ἑτερογᾰ́στρῐος (heterogástrios)
- κᾰτᾰ́γᾰστρος (katágastros)
- κᾰτεπῐγᾰ́στρῐος (katepigástrios)
- λεπτόγᾰστρος (leptógastros)
- ὁμογᾰ́στρῐος (homogástrios)
- προγᾰστρῐ́δῐος (progastrídios)
- προγᾰστρῐκός (progastrikós)
- προγᾰ́στρῐον (progástrion)
- σῡ́ργᾰστρος (sū́rgastros)
- ταυρογᾰστρῐκός (taurogastrikós)
- ῠ̔πογᾰστρῐ́ζομαι (hupogastrízomai)
- ῠ̔πογᾰ́στρῐον (hupogástrion)
- ῠ̔πογᾰ́στρῐος (hupogástrios)
- ῠ̔πογᾰστρῐ́ς (hupogastrís)
Descendants
editReferences
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γαστήρ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 262
Further reading
edit- “γαστήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “γαστήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “γαστήρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- γαστήρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- γαστήρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- γαστήρ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “γαστήρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1064 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Ancient Greek terms suffixed with -τήρ
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- grc:Anatomy
- grc:Body parts
- grc:Foods
- Ancient Greek irregular nouns