γνάθος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₂dʰ-os, from a root *ǵneh₂dʰ-, related to *ǵénu- (“jaw, cheek, chin”), despite (as Beekes objects) not yielding *γνᾱθος as may be expected. Cognate with Lithuanian žándas (“cheek”) and English chin.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ɡná.tʰos/ → /ˈɣna.θos/ → /ˈɣna.θos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡná.tʰos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡna.tʰos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɣna.θos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈɣna.θos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈɣna.θos/

Noun

γνᾰ́θος • (gnáthos) f (genitive γνᾰ́θου); second declension

1. jaw
   1. narrow strait
2. point, edge
3. type of stone

Declension

Second declension of ἡ γνᾰ́θος; τῆς γνᾰ́θου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ γνᾰ́θος hē gnáthos	τὼ γνᾰ́θω tṑ gnáthō	αἱ γνᾰ́θοι hai gnáthoi
Genitive	τῆς γνᾰ́θου tês gnáthou	τοῖν γνᾰ́θοιν toîn gnáthoin	τῶν γνᾰ́θων tôn gnáthōn
Dative	τῇ γνᾰ́θῳ têi gnáthōi	τοῖν γνᾰ́θοιν toîn gnáthoin	ταῖς γνᾰ́θοις taîs gnáthois
Accusative	τὴν γνᾰ́θον tḕn gnáthon	τὼ γνᾰ́θω tṑ gnáthō	τᾱ̀ς γνᾰ́θους tā̀s gnáthous
Vocative	γνᾰ́θε gnáthe	γνᾰ́θω gnáthō	γνᾰ́θοι gnáthoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

• (jaw): γνάθμος (gnáthmos)

Derived terms

• πλᾰτύγνᾰθος (platúgnathos)

Descendants

• Greek: γνάθος (gnáthos)
• →⇒ English: gnatho- (learned)
• → Late Latin: ganathus (learned)
  • →⇒ Italian: ganascia
    • → French: ganache
      • → English: ganache
• →⇒ New Latin: eurygnathus

References

• “γνάθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “γνάθος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• γνάθος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γνάθος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “γνάθος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• γνάθος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • channel idem, page 124.
  • cheek idem, page 128.
  • edge idem, page 261.
  • fang idem, page 306.
  • jaw idem, page 462.
  • maw idem, page 518.
  • strait idem, page 822.

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek γνάθος (gnáthos).

Noun

γνάθος • (gnáthos) f (plural γνάθοι)

1. jawbone (mandible or maxilla)

Declension

Declension of γνάθος

	singular	plural
nominative	γνάθος •	γνάθοι •
genitive	γνάθου •	γνάθων •
accusative	γνάθο •	γνάθους •
vocative	γνάθε •	γνάθοι •

Synonyms

• σιαγόνα f (siagóna)

Related terms

• άνω γνάθος f (áno gnáthos, “maxilla, upper jaw”)
• κάτω γνάθος f (káto gnáthos, “mandible, lower jaw”)

Further reading

• γνάθος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language