ὀφθαλμός

See also: οφθαλμός

Ancient Greek edit

Etymology edit

Possibly a compound of ὄψ (óps, “eye”) +‎ θάλαμος (thálamos, “chamber”), but note the usual ancient Greek word for eye is the similar ὤψ (ṓps), with a long /o/. According to Beekes, of Pre-Greek origin.

Pronunciation edit

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /opʰ.tʰal.mós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /opʰ.tʰalˈmos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /oɸ.θalˈmos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /of.θalˈmos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /of.θalˈmos/

Noun edit

ὀφθᾰλμός • (ophthalmós) m (genitive ὀφθᾰλμοῦ); second declension

eye
Synonym: ὤψ (ṓps)
1. (in the singular) eye of a master or ruler
2. eye of heaven
3. that which is dearest or best; light, cheer, comfort
4. (botany) eye, bud (such as the eye of a potato)
5. (surgery) surgical bandage covering one or both eyes
6. (architecture, in the dual) disks forming the centers of the volutes of an Ionic capital
7. (Byzantine) a kind of stone
8. (Byzantine) water inlet of a mill
sight
Synonyms: ὅρᾱσῐς (hórāsis), εἶδος (eîdos)
understanding
Synonym: σῠ́νεσῐς (súnesis)

This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

Inflection edit

Second declension of ὁ ὀφθᾰλμός; τοῦ ὀφθᾰλμοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ ὀφθᾰλμός ho ophthalmós	τὼ ὀφθᾰλμώ tṑ ophthalmṓ	οἱ ὀφθᾰλμοί hoi ophthalmoí
Genitive	τοῦ ὀφθᾰλμοῦ toû ophthalmoû	τοῖν ὀφθᾰλμοῖν toîn ophthalmoîn	τῶν ὀφθᾰλμῶν tôn ophthalmôn
Dative	τῷ ὀφθᾰλμῷ tôi ophthalmôi	τοῖν ὀφθᾰλμοῖν toîn ophthalmoîn	τοῖς ὀφθᾰλμοῖς toîs ophthalmoîs
Accusative	τὸν ὀφθᾰλμόν tòn ophthalmón	τὼ ὀφθᾰλμώ tṑ ophthalmṓ	τοὺς ὀφθᾰλμούς toùs ophthalmoús
Vocative	ὀφθᾰλμέ ophthalmé	ὀφθᾰλμώ ophthalmṓ	ὀφθᾰλμοί ophthalmoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of ὀφθᾰλμός; ὀφθᾰλμοῦ (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὀφθᾰλμός ophthalmós	ὀφθᾰλμώ ophthalmṓ	ὀφθᾰλμοί ophthalmoí
Genitive	ὀφθᾰλμοῦ / ὀφθᾰλμοῖο / ὀφθᾰλμόο ophthalmoû / ophthalmoîo / ophthalmóo	ὀφθᾰλμοῖῐν ophthalmoîin	ὀφθᾰλμῶν ophthalmôn
Dative	ὀφθᾰλμῷ ophthalmôi	ὀφθᾰλμοῖῐν ophthalmoîin	ὀφθᾰλμοῖσῐ / ὀφθᾰλμοῖσῐν / ὀφθᾰλμοῖς ophthalmoîsi(n) / ophthalmoîs
Accusative	ὀφθᾰλμόν ophthalmón	ὀφθᾰλμώ ophthalmṓ	ὀφθᾰλμούς ophthalmoús
Vocative	ὀφθᾰλμέ ophthalmé	ὀφθᾰλμώ ophthalmṓ	ὀφθᾰλμοί ophthalmoí
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms edit

αἰγόφθᾰλμος (aigóphthalmos)
αἰλουρόφθᾰλμος (ailouróphthalmos)
αἰωνόφθᾰλμος (aiōnóphthalmos)
γερᾰνόφθᾰλμος (geranóphthalmos)
γλαυκόφθᾰλμος (glaukóphthalmos)
γοργόφθᾰλμος (gorgóphthalmos)
δῠσόφθᾰλμος (dusóphthalmos)
ἐξόφθᾰλμος (exóphthalmos)
ἑτερόφθᾰλμος (heteróphthalmos)
εὐόφθᾰλμος (euóphthalmos)
ἡδῠόφθᾰλμος (hēduóphthalmos)
κοιλόφθᾰλμος (koilóphthalmos)
λευκόφθᾰλμος (leukóphthalmos)
λοξόφθᾰλμος (loxóphthalmos)
λᾰγώφθᾰλμος (lagṓphthalmos)
λᾰμπρόφθᾰλμος (lampróphthalmos)
λῑρόφθᾰλμος (līróphthalmos)
λῠκόφθᾰλμος (lukóphthalmos)
μεγᾰλόφθᾰλμος (megalóphthalmos)
μελᾰνόφθᾰλμος (melanóphthalmos)
μεσόφθᾰλμος (mesóphthalmos)
μονόφθᾰλμος (monóphthalmos)
μᾰλᾰκόφθᾰλμος (malakóphthalmos)
μῐκρόφθᾰλμος (mikróphthalmos)
μῡρῐόφθᾰλμος (mūrióphthalmos)
ὀφθᾰλμηδόν (ophthalmēdón)
ὀφθᾰλμῖτῐς (ophthalmîtis)
ὀφθᾰλμοβόλος (ophthalmobólos)
ὀφθᾰλμοβόρος (ophthalmobóros)
ὀφθᾰλμοδουλείᾱ (ophthalmodouleíā)
ὀφθᾰλμοειδής (ophthalmoeidḗs)
ὀφθᾰλμοκλέπτης (ophthalmokléptēs)
ὀφθᾰλμοπόνος (ophthalmopónos)
ὀφθᾰλμόσοφος (ophthalmósophos)
ὀφθᾰλμοστᾰτήρ (ophthalmostatḗr)
ὀφθᾰλμότεγκτος (ophthalmótenktos)
ὀφθᾰλμοφᾰνής (ophthalmophanḗs)
ὀφθᾰλμώρῠχος (ophthalmṓrukhos)
ὀφθᾰλμῐ́δῐον (ophthalmídion)
ὀφθᾰλμῐ́ζομαι (ophthalmízomai)
ὀφθᾰλμῐκός (ophthalmikós)
ὀφθᾰ́λμῐᾰ (ophthálmia)
ὀφθᾰλμῐ́ᾱ (ophthalmíā)
ὀφθᾰλμῐ́ᾱς (ophthalmíās)
πλᾰτῠόφθᾰλμος (platuóphthalmos)
πολῠόφθᾰλμος (poluóphthalmos)
πονηρόφθᾰλμος (ponēróphthalmos)
πᾰντόφθᾰλμος (pantóphthalmos)
πῠκνόφθᾰλμος (puknóphthalmos)
ῥῑψόφθᾰλμος (rhīpsóphthalmos)
σκληρόφθᾰλμος (sklēróphthalmos)
σκοροδόφθᾰλμος (skorodóphthalmos)
στερνόφθᾰλμος (sternóphthalmos)
ταυρόφθᾰλμος (tauróphthalmos)
τρῐόφθᾰλμος (trióphthalmos)
τρῠφερόφθᾰλμος (trupheróphthalmos)
χᾰροπόφθᾰλμος (kharopóphthalmos)
ὡραιόφθᾰλμος (hōraióphthalmos)
ᾰ̓νόφθᾰλμος (anóphthalmos)
ᾰ̓ντόφθᾰλμος (antóphthalmos)
ᾰ̓ραιόφθᾰλμος (araióphthalmos)
ᾰ̓ττελεβόφθᾰλμος (attelebóphthalmos)
ῠ̔γρόφθᾰλμος (hugróphthalmos)
ῠ̔όφθᾰλμος (huóphthalmos)
ῠ̔ψόφθᾰλμος (hupsóphthalmos)

Descendants edit

Greek: οφθαλμός (ofthalmós)
→ English: ophthalmo-
→ French: ophtalmo-
→ German: ophthalmo-

References edit

“ὀφθαλμός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ὀφθαλμός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften