γυνή

Contents

Ancient GreekEdit

Ἡ γυνὴ καλέεται Σαπφὼ Λέσϐου.

Alternative formsEdit

• βανά (baná) – Boeotian
• γυνά (guná) – Doric

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn (“woman”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀓𐀙𐀊 (ku-na-ja), Sanskrit जनि (jani), Old Armenian կին (kin), and Old English cwēn (English queen).

PronunciationEdit

 

• IPA^(key): /ɡy.nɛ̌ː/ → /ɣyˈni/ → /ʝiˈni/

• (5^th BC Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡy.nɛ̌ː/
• (1^st BC Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɡyˈne/
• (4^th AD Koine) IPA^(key): /ɣyˈni/
• (10^th AD Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ʝyˈni/
• (15^th AD Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ʝiˈni/

NounEdit

γῠνή • (gunḗ) f (genitive γῠναικός); third declension

1. woman, female

   Πᾶσα γυνὴ χόλος ἐστίν· ἔχει δ’ ἀγαθὰς δύο ὥρας, τὴν μίαν ἐν θαλάμῳ, τὴν μίαν ἐν θανάτῳ.

   Pâsa gunḕ khólos estín; ékhei d’ agathàs dúo hṓras, tḕn mían en thalámōi, tḕn mían en thanátōi.

   .

2. wife

InflectionEdit

Third declension of ἡ γῠνή; τῆς γῠναικός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ γῠνή hē gunḗ	τὼ γῠναῖκε tṑ gunaîke	αἱ γῠναῖκες / γῠναί hai gunaîkes / gunaí
Genitive	τῆς γῠναικός tês gunaikós	τοῖν γῠναικοῖν toîn gunaikoîn	τῶν γῠναικῶν / γῠναικείων tôn gunaikôn / gunaikeíōn
Dative	τῇ γῠναικί têi gunaikí	τοῖν γῠναικοῖν toîn gunaikoîn	ταῖς γῠναιξί(ν) / γῠναίκεσσι(ν) taîs gunaixí(n) / gunaíkessi(n)
Accusative	τὴν γῠναῖκᾰ / γῠνήν tḕn gunaîka / gunḗn	τὼ γῠναῖκε tṑ gunaîke	τᾱ̀ς γῠναῖκᾰς / γῠνάς tā̀s gunaîkas / gunás
Vocative	γύναι / γῠνή gúnai / gunḗ	γῠναῖκε gunaîke	γῠναῖκες / γῠναί gunaîkes / gunaí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ξ (-x) is a respelling of κ (k) + the nominative singular suffix -ς (-s).

AntonymsEdit

• ἀνήρ (anḗr, “man, male”)

DescendantsEdit

• English: gynaecology, misogyny, gynecomastia
• Greek: γυναίκα (gynaíka)

ReferencesEdit

• γυνή in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• γυνή in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• γυνή in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• «γυνή» in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• γυνή in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• «γυνή» in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (© 2006–2017)
• “G1135”, in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • consort idem, page 164.
  • dame idem, page 194.
  • lady idem, page 473.
  • matron idem, page 518.
  • spouse idem, page 805.
  • wife idem, page 978.
  • woman idem, page 986.