ἀνήρ
See also: ἁνήρ
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Hellenic *anḗr, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂nḗr. Cognates include Sanskrit नृ (nṛ́), नर (nára), and Old Irish nert.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.nɛ̌ːr/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈne̝r/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈnir/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈnir/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈnir/
In Epic poetry, the ἀ usually scans as long in the arsis of a foot.
Noun
editᾰ̓νήρ • (anḗr) m (genitive ᾰ̓νδρός); third declension
- man (adult male)
- husband
- human being, as opposed to a god
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 6.10:
- ἀκίνδυνοι δ’ ἀρεταὶ
οὔτε παρ’ ἀνδράσιν οὔτ’ ἐν ναυσὶ κοίλαις
τίμιαι: πολλοὶ δὲ μέμνανται, καλὸν εἴ τι ποναθῇ.- akíndunoi d’ aretaì
oúte par’ andrásin oút’ en nausì koílais
tímiai: polloì dè mémnantai, kalòn eí ti ponathêi. - But excellence without danger is honored neither among men nor in hollow ships. But many people remember, if a fine thing is done with toil.
- akíndunoi d’ aretaì
- ἀκίνδυνοι δ’ ἀρεταὶ
Usage notes
editThe word ἀνήρ may form a crasis with the definite article, resulting in ὁ (ho) and ἀνήρ merging. The Attic crasis is ᾱ̔νήρ (hānḗr) and the Ionic crasis is ὡνήρ (hōnḗr).
With ᾰ or in metric need ᾱ in poetry: e.g.
In Epic poetry, the vocative singular ἆνερ (âner) is used, for instance in Il. 24.725.
Declension
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ᾰ̓νήρ ho anḗr |
τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε tṑ ándre |
οἱ ᾰ̓́νδρες hoi ándres | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ᾰ̓νδρός toû andrós |
τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν toîn androîn |
τῶν ᾰ̓νδρῶν tôn andrôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ᾰ̓νδρῐ́ tôi andrí |
τοῖν ᾰ̓νδροῖν toîn androîn |
τοῖς ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν toîs andrási(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ᾰ̓́νδρᾰ tòn ándra |
τὼ ᾰ̓́νδρε tṑ ándre |
τοὺς ᾰ̓́νδρᾰς toùs ándras | ||||||||||
Vocative | ᾰ̓́νερ áner |
ᾰ̓́νδρε ándre |
ᾰ̓́νδρες ándres | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ᾱ̓νήρ ānḗr |
ᾱ̓νέρε ānére |
ᾱ̓νέρες ānéres | ||||||||||
Genitive | ᾱ̓νέρος ānéros |
ᾱ̓νέροιῐν ānéroiin |
ᾱ̓νέρων ānérōn | ||||||||||
Dative | ᾱ̓νέρῐ ānéri |
ᾱ̓νέροιῐν ānéroiin |
ᾱ̓́νδρεσσῐ / ᾱ̓́νδρεσσῐν / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐ / ᾰ̓νδρᾰ́σῐν ā́ndressi(n) / andrási(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | ᾱ̓νέρᾰ ānéra |
ᾱ̓νέρε ānére |
ᾱ̓νέρᾰς ānéras | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἆνερ âner |
ᾱ̓νέρε ānére |
ᾱ̓νέρες ānéres | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ᾱ̔νήρ hānḗr |
— | ἇνδρες hândres | ||||||||||
Genitive | τᾱ̓νδρός tāndrós |
— | — | ||||||||||
Dative | τᾱ̓νδρῐ́ tāndrí |
— | — | ||||||||||
Accusative | — | — | — | ||||||||||
Vocative | — | — | — | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Antonyms
edit- γυνή (gunḗ, “woman, female, wife”)
Derived terms
edit- Ἀγαπήνωρ (Agapḗnōr)
- ἀγαπήνωρ (agapḗnōr)
- Ἀγήνωρ (Agḗnōr)
- ἀγήνωρ (agḗnōr)
- Ἀλέξανδρος (Aléxandros)
- ἀλεξήνωρ (alexḗnōr)
- Ἀμύνανδρος (Amúnandros)
- Ἀνάξανδρος (Anáxandros)
- Ἀνδράγαθος (Andrágathos)
- Ἀνδρέας (Andréas)
- ἀνδρεία (andreía)
- ἀνδρεῖος (andreîos)
- ἀνδριάς (andriás)
- ἀνδρο- (andro-)
- Ἀνδρόγεως (Andrógeōs)
- ἀνδρόγυνος (andrógunos)
- Ἀνδροκλῆς (Androklês)
- Ἀνδροκύδης (Androkúdēs)
- ἀνδρομανία (andromanía)
- Ἀνδρομέδα (Androméda)
- ἀνδρόμεος (andrómeos)
- Ᾰ̓νδρόνῑκος (Andrónīkos)
- ἀνδρόσᾰκες (andrósakes)
- Ᾰ̓νδροσθένης (Androsthénēs)
- ἀνδροφάγος (androphágos)
- ἀνδροφόνος (androphónos)
- ἀνδρών (andrṓn)
- ἀνήνωρ (anḗnōr)
- Ἄντανδρος (Ántandros)
- ἀντήνωρ (antḗnōr)
- Ἀντήνωρ (Antḗnōr)
- ἀντιᾰ́νειρᾰ (antiáneira)
- ἀπατήνωρ (apatḗnōr)
- Ἀρῐ́στᾰνδρος (Arístandros)
- Βιήνωρ (Biḗnōr)
- βωτιᾰ́νειρᾰ (bōtiáneira)
- δαμασήνωρ (damasḗnōr)
- Δεισήνωρ (Deisḗnōr)
- δεισήνωρ (deisḗnōr)
- Δῃᾰ́νειρᾰ (Dēiáneira)
- Ἐλεφήνωρ (Elephḗnōr)
- Ἐλπήνωρ (Elpḗnōr)
- εὐήνωρ (euḗnōr)
- Εὐχήνωρ (Eukhḗnōr)
- ἠνορέη (ēnoréē)
- Καστιᾰ́νειρᾰ (Kastiáneira)
- Κλείτανδρος (Kleítandros)
- κυδιᾰ́νειρᾰ (kudiáneira)
- Λέανδρος (Léandros)
- λειχήνωρ (leikhḗnōr)
- ληϊᾰ́νειρᾰ (lēïáneira)
- Λῠ́σᾰνδρος (Lúsandros)
- λυσήνωρ (lusḗnōr)
- μεγαλήνωρ (megalḗnōr)
- Μένανδρος (Ménandros)
- Νίκανδρος (Níkandros)
- ὀλεσήνωρ (olesḗnōr)
- Πείσανδρος (Peísandros)
- Πεισήνωρ (Peisḗnōr)
- Περίανδρος (Períandros)
- Προθοήνωρ (Prothoḗnōr)
- ῥηξήνωρ (rhēxḗnōr)
- Ῥηξήνωρ (Rhēxḗnōr)
- σώσᾰνδρον (sṓsandron)
- Τῑμᾱ́νωρ (Tīmā́nōr)
- Τίσανδρος (Tísandros)
- ὑπερηνορέων (huperēnoréōn)
- Ὑπερήνωρ (Huperḗnōr)
- ὑπερήνωρ (huperḗnōr)
- Ὑψήνωρ (Hupsḗnōr)
- ὑψήνωρ (hupsḗnōr)
- φθισήνωρ (phthisḗnōr)
- φιλανδρία (philandría)
- φίλανδρος (phílandros)
- φιλήνωρ (philḗnōr)
Descendants
editSee also
edit- ἄρσην (ársēn, “male”)
Further reading
edit- “ἀνήρ”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011
- “ἀνήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἀνήρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἀνήρ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἀνήρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἀνήρ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἀνήρ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “ἀνήρ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G120 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the third declension
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- grc:Male family members
- grc:Human
- grc:Male people