πείρω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Hellenic *péřřō, from Proto-Indo-European *pér-ye-ti, the ye-present of *per- (“to pass, go forth”).[1] Cognates include Old Armenian հերիւն (heriwn), Old Church Slavonic на-перѫ (na-perǫ, “pierce”), Sanskrit पिपर्ति (piparti, “to bring over to, deliver”), Old English faru (English fare), and Albanian shpie.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pěː.rɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpi.ro/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpi.ro/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpi.ro/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpi.ro/
Verb
editπείρω • (peírō)
- to pierce, run through
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.245–246:
- ὣς φάτο Πηλεΐδης, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ
χρυσείοις ἥλοισι πεπαρμένον, ἕζετο δ' αὐτός·- hṑs pháto Pēleḯdēs, potì dè skêptron bále gaíēi
khruseíois hḗloisi peparménon, hézeto d' autós; - Thus spoke the son of Peleus, and against the earth he dashed the sceptre,
pierced by golden nails, and himself sat down:
- hṑs pháto Pēleḯdēs, potì dè skêptron bále gaíēi
- ὣς φάτο Πηλεΐδης, ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ
- (figuratively) to cleave through
Inflection
edit Present: πείρω, πείρομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔπειρον | ἔπειρες | ἔπειρε(ν) | ἐπείρετον | ἐπειρέτην | ἐπείρομεν | ἐπείρετε | ἔπειρον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐπειρόμην | ἐπείρου | ἐπείρετο | ἐπείρεσθον | ἐπειρέσθην | ἐπειρόμεθᾰ | ἐπείρεσθε | ἐπείροντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: πέπᾰρμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | πέπᾰρμαι | πέπᾰρσαι | πέπᾰρται | πέπᾰρθον | πέπᾰρθον | πεπᾰ́ρμεθᾰ | πέπᾰρθε | πεπᾰ́ρᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | πεπᾰρμένος ὦ | πεπᾰρμένος ᾖς | πεπᾰρμένος ᾖ | πεπᾰρμένω ἦτον | πεπᾰρμένω ἦτον | πεπᾰρμένοι ὦμεν | πεπᾰρμένοι ἦτε | πεπᾰρμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | πεπᾰρμένος εἴην | πεπᾰρμένος εἴης | πεπᾰρμένος εἴη | πεπᾰρμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | πεπᾰρμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | πεπᾰρμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | πεπᾰρμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | πεπᾰρμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | πέπᾰρσο | πεπᾰ́ρθω | πέπᾰρθον | πεπᾰ́ρθων | πέπᾰρθε | πεπᾰ́ρθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | πεπᾰ́ρθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | πεπᾰρμένος | |||||||||||
f | πεπᾰρμένη | ||||||||||||
n | πεπᾰρμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πείρω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1163-4
Further reading
edit- “πείρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πείρω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πείρω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πείρω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- πείρω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations