σάκκος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

σᾰ́κος (sákos) — Attic

Etymology

Most likely borrowed from Semitic, possibly from Phoenician. Compare Hebrew שַׂק, Imperial Aramaic 𐡔𐡒 (šq), Talmudic Aramaic סַקָּא, Classical Syriac ܣܩܐ, Ge'ez ሠቅ (śäḳ), Akkadian 𒆭𒊓 (/⁠šaqqu⁠/), Egyptian sꜣgꜣ. The word is a widely-borrowed Mediterranean Kulturwort.^[1]

Černý and Forbes suggest the word was originally Egyptian, a nominal derivative of sꜣq (“to gather or put together”) that also yielded Coptic ⲥⲟⲕ (sok, “sackcloth”) and was borrowed into Greek perhaps by way of a Semitic intermediary. However, Vycichl and Hoch reject this idea, noting that such an originally Egyptian word would be expected to yield Hebrew *סַק rather than שַׂק. Instead, they posit that the Coptic and Greek words are both borrowed from Semitic, with the Coptic word perhaps developing via Egyptian sꜣgꜣ.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sák.kos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsak.kos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsa.kos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsa.kos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsa.kos/

Noun

σᾰ́κκος • (sákkos) m (genitive σᾰ́κκου); second declension

coarse cloth of hair, especially of goat's hair
anything made of coarse cloth:
1. sack, bag
  Synonym: σᾰ́κτᾱς (sáktās)
2. sieve, strainer
3. coarse garment, sackcloth, worn as mourning by the Jews
4. (Christianity) sackcloth vestment, penitential garb
coarse beard

This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes then please add them!

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ σᾰ́κκος; τοῦ σᾰ́κκου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ σᾰ́κκος ho sákkos	τὼ σᾰ́κκω tṑ sákkō	οἱ σᾰ́κκοι hoi sákkoi
Genitive	τοῦ σᾰ́κκου toû sákkou	τοῖν σᾰ́κκοιν toîn sákkoin	τῶν σᾰ́κκων tôn sákkōn
Dative	τῷ σᾰ́κκῳ tôi sákkōi	τοῖν σᾰ́κκοιν toîn sákkoin	τοῖς σᾰ́κκοις toîs sákkois
Accusative	τὸν σᾰ́κκον tòn sákkon	τὼ σᾰ́κκω tṑ sákkō	τοὺς σᾰ́κκους toùs sákkous
Vocative	σᾰ́κκε sákke	σᾰ́κκω sákkō	σᾰ́κκοι sákkoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

σᾰκκᾶς (sakkâs)
σᾰκκέω (sakkéō)
σᾰκκηγός (sakkēgós)
σᾰκκῐ́ᾱς (sakkíās)
σᾰκκῐ́δῐον (sakkídion)
σᾰκκῐ́ζω (sakkízō)
σᾰ́κκῐνος (sákkinos)
σᾰκκῐ́ον (sakkíon)
σᾰκκογενειοτρόφος (sakkogeneiotróphos)
σᾰκκοπήρᾰ (sakkopḗra)
σᾰκκοπλόκος (sakkoplókos)
σᾰκκορᾰ́φῐον (sakkoráphion)
σᾰκκούδῐον (sakkoúdion)
σᾰκκοῠ̈φᾰ́ντης (sakkoüphántēs)
σᾰκκοφόρος (sakkophóros)
σᾰκκώνῠμος (sakkṓnumos)

Related terms

δῐσᾰ́κκῐον (disákkion)
σᾰκκηγέω (sakkēgéō)
σᾰκκηγῐ́ᾱ (sakkēgíā)
σᾰκκῐνόσῡκοι (sakkinósūkoi)
σᾰκκοφορέω (sakkophoréō)
σᾰκκοφορῐκός (sakkophorikós)

Descendants

Descendants of σᾰ́κκος in other languages

Greek: σάκος (sákos)
→ Latin: saccus (see there for further descendants)
→ Mingrelian: საკი (saḳi), სააკი (saaḳi)

References

“σάκκος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1302