τάργανον
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editNot well explained. Traditionally compared with στεργάνος (stergános, “place for dung”) and τρύξ (trúx, “lees of wine, dregs”). The difference in final velar makes comparison with the group of Proto-Indo-European *terkʷ- (“to turn”) (like Latin torqueō (“I twist, wind”) and Sanskrit तर्कु (tarku, “spindle”)) impossible. Expression for "turn" are often applied to drinks that have turned sour (compare τροπίας (tropías, “sour wine”)). Semantically, one may compare Dutch wrang (“astringent, tart”), to Gothic 𐍅𐍂𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (wruggō, “snare”). According to Beekes, the variation τ/σ shows that the word is Pre-Greek.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tár.ɡa.non/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈtar.ɡa.non/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈtar.ɣa.non/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈtar.ɣa.non/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈtar.ɣa.non/
Noun
editτᾰ́ργᾰνον • (tárganon) n (genitive τᾰργᾰ́νου); second declension
Inflection
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ τᾰ́ργᾰνον tò tárganon |
τὼ τᾰργᾰ́νω tṑ targánō |
τᾰ̀ τᾰ́ργᾰνᾰ tà tárgana | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ τᾰργᾰ́νου toû targánou |
τοῖν τᾰργᾰ́νοιν toîn targánoin |
τῶν τᾰργᾰ́νων tôn targánōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ τᾰργᾰ́νῳ tôi targánōi |
τοῖν τᾰργᾰ́νοιν toîn targánoin |
τοῖς τᾰργᾰ́νοις toîs targánois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ τᾰ́ργᾰνον tò tárganon |
τὼ τᾰργᾰ́νω tṑ targánō |
τᾰ̀ τᾰ́ργᾰνᾰ tà tárgana | ||||||||||
Vocative | τᾰ́ργᾰνον tárganon |
τᾰργᾰ́νω targánō |
τᾰ́ργᾰνᾰ tárgana | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Descendants
edit- τᾰργᾰνόομαι (targanóomai)
Further reading
edit- “τάργανον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- τάργανον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek proparoxytone terms
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the second declension
- grc:Condiments