ὄξος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ὀξύς (oxús, “sharp; sour”), with an analogous formation as ἦδος (êdos, “delight, pleasure”) to ἡδύς (hēdús, “pleasant, sweet”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ók.sos/ → /ˈok.sos/ → /ˈok.sos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ók.sos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈok.sos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈok.sos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈok.sos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈok.sos/

Noun

ὄξος • (óxos) n (genitive ὄξεος); third declension

1. poor wine
2. vinegar made therefrom

   Synonym: τᾰ́ργᾰνον (tárganon)

3. (figuratively) sour fellow, sourpuss

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ ὄξος; τοῦ ὄξεος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ὄξος tò óxos	τὼ ὄξεε tṑ óxee	τᾰ̀ ὄξεᾰ tà óxea
Genitive	τοῦ ὄξεος toû óxeos	τοῖν ὀξέοιν toîn oxéoin	τῶν ὀξέων tôn oxéōn
Dative	τῷ ὄξεῐ̈ tôi óxeï	τοῖν ὀξέοιν toîn oxéoin	τοῖς ὄξεσῐ / ὄξεσῐν toîs óxesi(n)
Accusative	τὸ ὄξος tò óxos	τὼ ὄξεε tṑ óxee	τᾰ̀ ὄξεᾰ tà óxea
Vocative	ὄξος óxos	ὄξεε óxee	ὄξεᾰ óxea
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ὀξάλμη (oxálmē)
• ὀξέλαιον (oxélaion)
• ὀξηρός (oxērós)
• ὀξίδιον (oxídion)
• ὀξίζω (oxízō)
• ὀξίνης (oxínēs)
• ὀξίς (oxís)
• ὀξῖτις (oxîtis)
• ὀξοπώλης (oxopṓlēs)

 

Descendants

• ⇒ Greek: ξίδι (xídi)
• ⇒ Mariupol Greek: ксидъ (ksið)
• → Old East Slavic: уксусъ (uksusŭ)
  • Russian: уксус (uksus)
    • → Ingrian: uksus
    • → Komi-Zyrian: уксус (uksus)
• → Udi: окъо (oq̇o)

Further reading

• “ὄξος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὄξος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ὄξος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette