τάριχος
Ancient Greek edit
Pronunciation edit
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tá.riː.kʰos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈta.ri.kʰos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈta.ri.xos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈta.ri.xos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈta.ri.xos/
Etymology 1 edit
According to Lagarde, borrowed from an Old Armenian predecessor of Middle Armenian տարեխ (tarex, “Van fish”), which would correspond to the famous export of salted Van fish from Armenia, but the borrowing is rather in the opposite direction because the Armenian term is late and sporadically used; besides the meaning appears more general in Greek. However it can still be of Anatolian – according to Beekes Pre-Greek – origin and has been put together by Puhvel with the Homeric Ancient Greek ταρχύω (tarkhúō, “to bury like a god or hero”) used for the Lycian last rites, Hesychian ταρχάνιον (tarkhánion, “funeral feast”), τέρχανον (térkhanon), τάρχανον (tárkhanon, “grief”) and connected to Lycian [script needed] (trqqas /*tarḫants/, “god”), Milyan [script needed] (trqqiz /*tarḫints/, “god”), Luwian [Anatolian Hieroglyphs needed] (tarḫu(nt), “the storm-god”); a mummy would be a dead-body preserved for or reserved for the gods.
Alternative forms edit
- τᾰ́ρῑχον (tárīkhon)
Noun edit
τᾰ́ρῑχος • (tárīkhos) m (genitive τᾰρῑ́χου); second declension
τᾰ́ρῑχος • (tárīkhos) n (genitive τᾰρῑ́χεος or τᾰρῑ́χους); third declension
- dead body preserved by embalming, mummy
- Synonym: σκελετός (skeletós)
- meat preserved by salting, pickling, drying, or smoking, especially dried or smoked fish
- (figuratively, of a stupid fellow) a stockfish
Declension edit
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ τᾰ́ρῑχος ho tárīkhos |
τὼ τᾰρῑ́χω tṑ tarī́khō |
οἱ τᾰ́ρῑχοι hoi tárīkhoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ τᾰρῑ́χου toû tarī́khou |
τοῖν τᾰρῑ́χοιν toîn tarī́khoin |
τῶν τᾰρῑ́χων tôn tarī́khōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ τᾰρῑ́χῳ tôi tarī́khōi |
τοῖν τᾰρῑ́χοιν toîn tarī́khoin |
τοῖς τᾰρῑ́χοις toîs tarī́khois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν τᾰ́ρῑχον tòn tárīkhon |
τὼ τᾰρῑ́χω tṑ tarī́khō |
τοὺς τᾰρῑ́χους toùs tarī́khous | ||||||||||
Vocative | τᾰ́ρῑχε tárīkhe |
τᾰρῑ́χω tarī́khō |
τᾰ́ρῑχοι tárīkhoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ τᾰ́ρῑχος tò tárīkhos |
τὼ τᾰρῑ́χει tṑ tarī́khei |
τᾰ̀ τᾰρῑ́χη tà tarī́khē | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ τᾰρῑ́χους toû tarī́khous |
τοῖν τᾰρῑχοῖν toîn tarīkhoîn |
τῶν τᾰρῑχῶν tôn tarīkhôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ τᾰρῑ́χει tôi tarī́khei |
τοῖν τᾰρῑχοῖν toîn tarīkhoîn |
τοῖς τᾰρῑ́χεσῐ / τᾰρῑ́χεσῐν toîs tarī́khesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ τᾰ́ρῑχος tò tárīkhos |
τὼ τᾰρῑ́χει tṑ tarī́khei |
τᾰ̀ τᾰρῑ́χη tà tarī́khē | ||||||||||
Vocative | τᾰ́ρῑχος tárīkhos |
τᾰρῑ́χει tarī́khei |
τᾰρῑ́χη tarī́khē | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms edit
- Ταριχᾶνες (Tarikhânes)
- ταριχᾶς (tarikhâs)
- ταριχεία (tarikheía)
- ταριχεῖον (tarikheîon)
- ταριχέλαιον (tarikhélaion)
- ταριχέμπορος (tarikhémporos)
- ταριχεύς (tarikheús)
- ταρίχευσις (taríkheusis)
- ταριχευτήρ (tarikheutḗr)
- ταριχευτής (tarikheutḗs)
- ταριχευτικός (tarikheutikós)
- ταριχευτός (tarikheutós)
- ταριχεύω (tarikheúō)
- ταριχηγός (tarikhēgós)
- ταριχηΐη (tarikhēḯē)
- ταριχηρός (tarikhērós)
- ταρίχιον (taríkhion)
- ταριχόπλεως (tarikhópleōs)
- ταριχοποιέω (tarikhopoiéō)
- ταριχοπράτισσα (tarikhoprátissa)
- ταριχοπωλέω (tarikhopōléō)
- ταριχοπώλης (tarikhopṓlēs)
- ταριχοπώλιον (tarikhopṓlion)
- ταριχοφαγία (tarikhophagía)
- ταριχώτης (tarikhṓtēs)
Descendants edit
- → Arabic: طِرِّيخ (ṭirrīḵ)
- → Classical Syriac: ܛܳܐܪܻܝܟܳܐ (ṭārīḵa), ܛܪܟܘܣ (ṭarḵōs)
- → Coptic: ⲡⲓⲧⲁⲣⲓⲭⲓⲟⲛ (pitarikhion)
- → Latin: taricius, taricus, tarichus
- → Middle Armenian: տարեխ (tarex)
- → Ottoman Turkish: ترخوس (tarhos), طرهوس (tarhos), طرخوز (tarhoz)
References edit
- “τάρῑχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “տառեխ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 377ab
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 383
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 511, the Armenian translator did not use տառեխ (taṙex) when translating τεταριχευμένος (tetarikheuménos) in Eusebius' Chronicon, which means it did not exist in the Classical period
- Lagarde, Paul de (1866) Gesammelte Abhandlungen (in German), Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, page 48 Nr. 121
- Lagarde, Paul de (1877) Armenische Studien (in German), Göttingen: Dieterich, page 150 Nr. 2205
- Lagarde, Paul de (1887) Mittheilungen (in German), volume 2, Göttingen: Dieterichsche Sortimentsbuchhandlung, pages 12–15
- Payne Margoliouth, Jessie (1927) Supplement to the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, S.T.P.[1], Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 241b, to Payne Smith, Robert (1879–1901) Thesaurus Syriacus (in Latin), Oxford: Clarendon Press, column 2731
- Petrosyan, Armen (2015) Problems of Armenian Prehistory. Myth, Language, History, Yerevan: Academy Press, page 118
- Puhvel, Jaan (1965) Werner Winter, editor, Evidence for Laryngeals (Janua Linguarum: Studia memoriae Nicolai van Wijk Dedicata. Series maior; XI), The Hague, London, Paris: Mouton & Co., pages 84–86
Etymology 2 edit
Conversion of the former.
Adjective edit
τᾰ́ρῑχος • (tárīkhos) m or f (neuter τᾰ́ρῑχον); second declension
- Synonym of τᾰρῑχευτός (tarīkheutós, “salted, pickled”)
Declension edit
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | τᾰ́ρῑχος tárīkhos |
τᾰ́ρῑχον tárīkhon |
τᾰρῑ́χω tarī́khō |
τᾰρῑ́χω tarī́khō |
τᾰ́ρῑχοι tárīkhoi |
τᾰ́ρῑχᾰ tárīkha | ||||||||
Genitive | τᾰρῑ́χου tarī́khou |
τᾰρῑ́χου tarī́khou |
τᾰρῑ́χοιν tarī́khoin |
τᾰρῑ́χοιν tarī́khoin |
τᾰρῑ́χων tarī́khōn |
τᾰρῑ́χων tarī́khōn | ||||||||
Dative | τᾰρῑ́χῳ tarī́khōi |
τᾰρῑ́χῳ tarī́khōi |
τᾰρῑ́χοιν tarī́khoin |
τᾰρῑ́χοιν tarī́khoin |
τᾰρῑ́χοις tarī́khois |
τᾰρῑ́χοις tarī́khois | ||||||||
Accusative | τᾰ́ρῑχον tárīkhon |
τᾰ́ρῑχον tárīkhon |
τᾰρῑ́χω tarī́khō |
τᾰρῑ́χω tarī́khō |
τᾰρῑ́χους tarī́khous |
τᾰ́ρῑχᾰ tárīkha | ||||||||
Vocative | τᾰ́ρῑχε tárīkhe |
τᾰ́ρῑχον tárīkhon |
τᾰρῑ́χω tarī́khō |
τᾰρῑ́χω tarī́khō |
τᾰ́ρῑχοι tárīkhoi |
τᾰ́ρῑχᾰ tárīkha | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
τᾰρῑ́χως tarī́khōs |
τᾰρῑχότερος tarīkhóteros |
τᾰρῑχότᾰτος tarīkhótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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References edit
- “τάρῑχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press