гракам

Bulgarian

Etymology

Onomatopoeic, from the call гра-гра (gra-gra) +‎ -кам (-kam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡrakɐm]

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

гра́кам • (grákam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective гра́кна)

1. (intransitive) to caw, to croak, to screech

Conjugation

    Conjugation of гра́кам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	гра́кащ grákašt	гра́кал, грака́л1 grákal, grakál1	гра́кал grákal	—		гра́кайки grákajki
	definite subject form	гра́кащият grákaštijat	гра́калият, грака́лият1 grákalijat, grakálijat1	—	—
	definite object form	гра́кащия grákaštija	гра́калия, грака́лия1 grákalija, grakálija1	—	—
feminine	indefinite	гра́каща grákašta	гра́кала, грака́ла1 grákala, grakála1	гра́кала grákala	—
	definite	гра́кащата grákaštata	гра́калата, грака́лата1 grákalata, grakálata1	—	—
neuter	indefinite	гра́кащо grákašto	гра́кало, грака́ло1 grákalo, grakálo1	гра́кало grákalo	—	гра́кане grákane
	definite	гра́кащото grákaštoto	гра́калото, грака́лото1 grákaloto, grakáloto1	—	—	гра́кането grákaneto
plural	indefinite	гра́кащи grákašti	гра́кали, грака́ли1 grákali, grakáli1	гра́кали grákali	—	гра́кания, гра́канета grákanija, grákaneta
	definite	гра́кащите grákaštite	гра́калите, грака́лите1 grákalite, grakálite1	—	—	гра́канията, гра́канетата grákanijata, grákanetata

person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		гра́кам grákam	гра́каш grákaš	гра́ка gráka	гра́каме grákame	гра́кате grákate	гра́кат grákat
imperfect		гра́ках grákah	гра́каше grákaše	гра́каше grákaše	гра́кахме grákahme	гра́кахте grákahte	гра́каха grákaha
aorist		гра́ках, грака́х1 grákah, grakáh1	гра́ка, грака́1 gráka, graká1	гра́ка, грака́1 gráka, graká1	гра́кахме, грака́хме1 grákahme, grakáhme1	гра́кахте, грака́хте1 grákahte, grakáhte1	гра́каха, грака́ха1 grákaha, grakáha1
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and гра́кал m, гра́кала f, гра́кало n, or гра́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and гра́кал m, гра́кала f, гра́кало n, or гра́кали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and гра́кал m, гра́кала f, гра́кало n, or гра́кали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and гра́кал/грака́л1 m, гра́кала/грака́ла1 f, гра́кало/грака́ло1 n, or гра́кали/грака́ли1 pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
			гра́кай grákaj			гра́кайте grákajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

• гра́квам (grákvam) (semelfactive)
• гра́ча (gráča) (causative-iterative)
• загра́кам pf (zagrákam), загра́квам impf (zagrákvam)
• изгра́кам pf (izgrákam), изгра́квам impf (izgrákvam, “to evoke”)
• награ́кам се pf (nagrákam se), награ́квам се impf (nagrákvam se)
• погра́кам pf (pográkam), погра́квам impf (pográkvam)
• пригра́кам pf (prigrákam), пригра́квам impf (prigrákvam)
• разгра́кам се pf (razgrákam se), разгра́квам се impf (razgrákvam se)
• гра́каница (grákanica) (action noun)

Related terms

• га́кам (gákam, “to croak”)
• кра́кам (krákam, “to croak, to gaggle”)

References

• “гракам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “гракам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɦrɐˈkam]

Noun

грака́м • (hrakám) m animal

1. dative plural of грак (hrak)