Mongolian

edit

Etymology 1

edit
MongolianCyrillic
ᠬᠥᠬᠡ
(köke)
хөх
(xöx)

From Proto-Mongolic *köke, compare Buryat хүхэ (xüxe). Borrowed from or cognate with Proto-Turkic *kȫk; compare Turkish gök and Evenki куку (kuku, sea-coloured). For the figurative sense, compare Kazakh көк жамбас (kök jambas).

Pronunciation

edit

Adjective

edit

хөх (xöx)

  1. dark blue
  2. (obsolete) green, grue
  3. (figurative) weak; weakened
Usage notes
edit

Although frequently translated as blue, хөх specifically refers to deep or dark blue and is distinguished from цэнхэр (cenxer) (light blue) as a separate color in modern Mongolian. In classical Mongolian, хөх was also inclusive of green hues such as fresh grass, although this is now distinguished as the separate color ногоон (nogoon) (green). Cf. Blue–green distinction in language on Wikipedia.

Derived terms
edit

Etymology 2

edit
MongolianCyrillic
ᠬᠥᠬᠦ
(kökü)
хөх
(xöx)

From Classical Mongolian ᠬᠥᠬᠦ (kökü), from Middle Mongol ᠬᠥᠬᠦᠨ (kökün), from Proto-Mongolic *kökün (breast, nipple).

Possibly related to Proto-Turkic *kögüz or *kögüŕ (chest). Compare Turkish göğüs, Kyrgyz көкүрөк (kökürök) and Chuvash кӑкӑр (kăk̬ăr). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

хөх (xöx)

  1. breast (of a woman)
  2. teat (of an animal)
  3. dewlap (of a cow)
  4. piglet; squeaker (young of a wild boar)
Declension
edit
Derived terms
edit

References

edit
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kṓk`e”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • хөх 1”, “хөх 2”, “хөх 3”, “хөх 4”, хөх 5”, in Монгол хэлний их тайлбар толь [Dictionary of the Mongolian Language] (in Mongolian), Institute of Linguistics of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, 2016–present
  • Большой академический монгольско–русский словарь в четырех томах [Great Academic Mongolian–Russian Dictionary in four volumes] (in Russian), Institute of Language and Literature of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences & Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2001
  • Enkhjargal Purev & al., "Color Terms in Mongolian Place Names: A Typological Perspective", Вопросы Ономастики, Vol. 20, No. 1 (2023), pp. 140–155.